Identification of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains

Ortner, Donald J.; Putschar, Walter G. J.

doi:10.5479/si.00810223.28.1

Cited by 1,113 publications

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“…This is also the reason why, in most of the analyses, we calculated the frequency of markers according to specific bones available for examination and not per individual. The diagnoses of lesions and alterations of shape and size were carried out macroscopically in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner and followed the criteria established by Ortner and Putschar (1985) and Aufderheide and Rodríguez-Martín (1998). Only bones more than 50% complete and with good preservation were considered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonspecific infections are mainly due to local trauma or systemic processes such as infections by Staphylococcus aureus (Ortner and Putschar, 1985), leading to periostitis and osteomyelitis. High frequencies of these non-specific infections are seen as signs of a shift to agriculture, an increase in population density, sedentism and undernutrition (Larsen, 2002).…”

Section: Markers Used To Test the Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical lesions (caries sicca and saber shin tibiae) as well as distribution patterns of lesions along the skeleton were used to identify treponematoses (Aufderheide and Rodríguez-Martín, 1998;Ortner and Putschar, 1985). In this paper no attempt was made to distinguish among the three types of treponematosis that affect the bone tissue (i.e., venereal syphilis, yaws and endemic syphilis).…”

Section: Markers Used To Test the Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fractures and trauma are mainly due to accidents and interpersonal violence (Aufderheide and Rodríguez-Martín, 1998;Ortner and Putschar, 1985). Therefore, fractures were included in this survey.…”

Section: Markers Used To Explore Further Differences and Similaritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does a riverine setting affect the lifestyle of shellmound builders in Brazil?

Eggers

Petronilho

Brandt

et al. 2008

HOMO

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The contact of inland and coastal prehistoric groups in Brazil is believed to have been restricted to regions with no geographical barrier, as is the case in the Ribeira de Iguape valley. The inland osteological collection from the riverine shellmound Moraes (5800-4500 BP) represents a unique opportunity to test this assumption for this region. Despite cultural similarities between riverine and coastal shellmounds, important ecological and site distribution differences are expected to impact on lifestyle. The purpose of this study is thus to document and interpret health and lifestyle indicators in Moraes in comparison to coastal shellmound groups. Specifically we test if the rare evidence of fish and mollusk remains in the riverine shellmound led to (a) higher caries rates and (b) lower auditory exostosis frequency and (c) if the small size of the riverine shellmound translates into reduced demographic density and thus rarity of communicable infectious diseases. Of the three hypotheses, (a) was confirmed, (b) was rejected and (c) was partly rejected. Bioanthropological similarities between Moraes and coastal shellmounds include auditory exostoses with equally high frequencies; significantly more frequent osteoarthritis in upper than in lower limbs; cranial and dental morphological affinities and low frequencies of violent trauma. However, there are also important differences: Moraes subsisted on a much broader protein diet and consumed more cariogenic food, but showed a stature even shorter than coastal groups. Thus, despite the contact also suggested by treponematoses in both site types, there was enough time for the people at the riverine site to adapt to local conditions. 406 E g g e r s e t a l . i n H O M O -J o u r n a l o f C o m pa r at i v e H u m a n B i o l o g y 5 9 ( 2 0 0 8 ) ResumoO contato de grupos pré-históricos brasileiros interioranos e costeiros é tido como restrito a regiões sem barreiras geográficas, como é o caso do vale do Ribeira de Iguape. A coleção osteológica interiorana do sambaqui fluvial Moraes (5800-4500 pYB) representa uma oportunidade única para testar tal afirmação para a região sudeste. Embora haja similaridades culturais entre sambaquis fluviais e costeiros, espera-se que as importantes diferenças ecológicas e de padrão de assentamento influenciariam a saúde. No presente estudo, objetiva-se documentar e interpretar indicadores de saúde e estilo de vida dos habitants de Moraes, em comparação com sambaquieiros da costa. Mais especificamente investigamos se as raras evidências faunísticas de peixe e molusco no sambaqui fluvial associamse a (a) frequencias de cáries mais elevadas, e (b) proporções menores de exostose auditiva e se (c) as diminutas dimensões do sítio fluvial correspondem a baixa densidade demográfica e consequentemente baixos índices de doenças infecciosas transmissíveis. Confirmou-se (a), enquanto (b) foi inteiramente, e (c) parcialmente, rejeitada. Semelhanças bioantropológicas entre habitantes de Moraes e sambaquieiros da costa incluem exostese auditi...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Markers Used To Test the Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Markers Used To Test the Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Markers Used To Explore Further Differences and Similaritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does a riverine setting affect the lifestyle of shellmound builders in Brazil?

Eggers

Petronilho

Brandt

et al. 2008

HOMO

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“…Neural arches and other elements of the vertebrae are usually spared, and this condition has in the past sometimes resulted in kyphosis of the spine commonly referred to as Pott's disease. 2,24 Various other parts of the skeleton, including the ribs, hip joint, long bones and other joints (e.g. knee and sacro-iliac) can also show signs of skeletal tuberculosis, but these lesions may be difficult to distinguish from lesions of other etiologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing face of tuberculosis: Trends in tuberculosis-associated skeletal changes

et al. 2013

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Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in many areas of the world. Previous research suggested that the frequency of bone lesions has decreased in the modern (but pre-antibiotic) period, and that the predominantly spinal involvement have changed to affect other parts of the skeleton, in particular ribs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bone lesions associated with TB became more or less common in the post-antibiotic period, and if the pattern of skeletal involvement has changed. The skeletons of 147 individuals from South Africa who died from TB were assessed. These were divided into three groups -those dying before 1950 and presumed to have had no antibiotic intervention (n=52); those dying between 1950 and 1985 presumed to have been treated with antibiotics (n=34); and those dying after 1985 where co-infection with 2 HIV and drug-resistant disease emerged (n=61). Overall, 33.3% of all individuals showed signs that could be associated with TB, with corresponding figures in each of the three groups being 21.1%, 38.2% and 41.0%. The increase from group 1 to 3 was statistically significant. Rib lesions are becoming more common, while spinal lesions are decreasing.It may be suggested that patients are surviving for longer due to antibiotic treatment, allowing more time for the development of lesions.

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Possible case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in a prehistoric skeleton from west-central Illinois

Wilbur

2000

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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I describe an adult female skeleton (#Yo3-96) from the Yokem Mound skeletal series that had microcephaly; mild micrognathia; a broad nasal bridge; orbital hypertelorism; hypoplasia of the first metacarpals; pes planus; anomalies of the cervical spine, ribs, and sternum; and delayed epiphyseal remodeling of the radii and tibiae. Because the Yokem series has been subject to extensive measurement in previous studies, Yo3-96 can be characterized metrically and compared with others from her population. A differential diagnosis is made by comparing the available skeletal evidence with the known syndromes characterized by radial ray dysplasia. It is suggested that Yo3-96 represents the earliest known case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, a mental retardation syndrome that has been described in individuals from several modern populations.

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Identification of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains

Cited by 1,113 publications

References 0 publications

How does a riverine setting affect the lifestyle of shellmound builders in Brazil?

How does a riverine setting affect the lifestyle of shellmound builders in Brazil?

The changing face of tuberculosis: Trends in tuberculosis-associated skeletal changes

Possible case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in a prehistoric skeleton from west-central Illinois

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