Identification of pathogens and virulence profile of Rhodococcus equi and Escherichia coli strains obtained from sand of parks

Fernandes, Marta Catarina; Takaı̈, Shinji; Leite, Domingos S.; Pinto, José Paes de Almeida Nogueira; Brandão, P. E.; Santarém, Vamilton Álvares; Listoni, Fernando José Paganini; Silva, A. V. Da; Ribeiro, Márcio Garcia

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822013005000044

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…), have been recommended for the selective isolation of R. equi from contaminated samples, particularly faeces, soil and sand (Fernandes et al . ). In Zambia National Parks, R. equi was recovered from 553 samples obtained from the faeces of indigenous species and soil samples using selective medium, although vapA and vapB genes were not found in the isolates (Takai et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

VapB type 8 plasmids in Rhodococcus equi isolated from the small intestine of pigs and comparison of selective culture media

Lara

Takaı̈

Sasaki

et al. 2015

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Intermediately virulent (VapB) is a common plasmid-type harboured by R. equi isolated from pigs and humans with AIDS. Curiously, humans with rhodococcosis usually have no history of contact with pigs or pig farms. Virulence-plasmid profile of 40 R. equi isolated among 150 small intestine content samples from pigs revelled two carrying isolates with the VapB type-8 plasmids. Moreover, comparison of three selective culture media shows that CAZ-NB was the best. Our results provide evidence that contamination of slaughtered pig carcasses with pathogenic R. equi might occur through faeces, representing a public health concern. Furthermore, R. equi carrying VapB type-8 plasmids types are described for the first time in the gut of the pig.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

VapB type 8 plasmids in Rhodococcus equi isolated from the small intestine of pigs and comparison of selective culture media

Lara

Takaı̈

Sasaki

et al. 2015

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…It is also the etiologic agent of equine rhodococcosis, a disease that typically affects 3-week to 6-month-old foals (Giguère & Prescott 1997). This bacterium has a worldwide distribution and is frequently widespread in the environment, such as horse-breeding farms (Takai 1997) and public areas, including sand areas in parks (Takai et al 1996, Fernandes et al 2013. Furthermore, R. equi was described as a causative agent of opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised humans (Arlotti et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation by Rhodococcus equi and putative association with macrolide resistance

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Formação de biofilme por Rhodococcus equi e posspivel associação com resistência a macrolídeos.]Rhodococcus equi é um patógeno intracelular facultativo, o qual causa pneumonia piogranulosa severa em potros e lesões semelhantes à tuberculose em humanos. A sua capacidade de formar biofilme foi descrita em cepas humanas, isoladas a partir de doenças crônicas associadas a falhas de tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a formação de biofilme por 113 cepas de R. equi, isoladas a partir de amostras de equinos (clínicas e fecais), utilizando-se dois diferentes métodos (biofilme em cultura -com e sem adição de glicose -e microscopia de epifluorescência). Além disso, buscou-se determinar a eficácia da azitromicina, claritromicina e eritromicina sobre biofilme consolidado de R. equi. Verificou-se 80,5% (26/41) e 63% dos isolados (58/72) positivos para formação de biofilme, em amostras fecais e clínicas, respectivamente. A adição de glicose amentou a formação de biofilme em amostras fecais, mas não em amostras clínicas. Os antimicrobianos aqui testados não foram capazes de erradicar R. equi em biofilme consolidado, mesmo em concentrações elevadas. Este é o primeiro estudo a demonstrar a formação de biofilme por cepas de R. equi isoladas a partir de amostras de equinos. Os resultados indicam que os isolados de R. equi produtores de biofilme podem ser mais resistentes aos antimicrobianos avaliados. Estudos adicionais são necessários para testar essa hipótese. Brazil. E-mail: sabott20@gmail.com Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen, which cause severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and tuberculosis-like lesions in humans. Its ability to form biofilm was described in strains isolated from chronic diseases associated to treatment failures in humans. This study aimed to verify the biofilm formation by 113 R. equi isolated from equine samples (clinical and fecal) using two different methods (biofilm--culturing with and without additional glucose and epifluorescence microscopy). We also aimed to determine the efficacy of azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin on R. equi in established biofilm. We found 80.5% (26/41) and 63% (58/72) biofilm--positive isolates, in fecal and clinical samples, respectively. The additional glucose increased the biofilm formation by R. equi fecal samples, but not by clinical samples. The antimicrobials tested herein were not able to eradicate R. equi in biofilm even at higher concentrations. This is the first study showing the biofilm formation by R. equi isolated from equine samples. Our findings indicate that R. equi biofilm-producers may be more resistant to the antimicrobials evaluated. Further studies are warranted to test this hypothesis. Biofilm formation by

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“…() and Fernandes et al. (). Briefly, at each of these beaches, two sampling sites were selected approximately 1 km apart.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo and Newport in Free‐ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Ives

Antaki

Stewart

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Salmonellae are Gram-negative zoonotic bacteria that are frequently part of the normal reptilian gastrointestinal flora. The main objective of this project was to estimate the prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in the nesting and foraging populations of sea turtles on St. Kitts and in sand from known nesting beaches. Results suggest a higher prevalence of Salmonella in nesting leatherback sea turtles compared with foraging green and hawksbill sea turtles. Salmonella was cultured from 2/9 and identified by molecular diagnostic methods in 3/9 leatherback sea turtle samples. Salmonella DNA was detected in one hawksbill turtle, but viable isolates were not recovered from any hawksbill sea turtles. No Salmonella was detected in green sea turtles. In samples collected from nesting beaches, Salmonella was only recovered from a single dry sand sample. All recovered isolates were positive for the wzx gene, consistent with the O:7 serogroup. Further serotyping characterized serovars Montevideo and Newport present in cloacal and sand samples. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprint analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the 2014 isolates from turtles and sand as well as archived Salmonella isolates recovered from leatherback sea turtles in 2012 and 2013, identified two distinct genotypes and four different pulsotypes, respectively. The genotyping and serotyping were directly correlated. To determine the persistence of representative strains of each serotype/genotype in these environments, laboratory-controlled microcosm studies were performed in water and sand (dry and wet) incubated at 25 or 35°C. Isolates persisted for at least 32 days in most microcosms, although there were significant decreases in culturable bacteria in several microcosms, with the greatest reduction in dry sand incubated at 35°C. This information provides a better understanding of the epizootiology of Salmonella in free-ranging marine reptiles and the potential public health risks associated with human interactions with these animals in the Caribbean.

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Identification of pathogens and virulence profile of Rhodococcus equi and Escherichia coli strains obtained from sand of parks

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

VapB type 8 plasmids in Rhodococcus equi isolated from the small intestine of pigs and comparison of selective culture media

VapB type 8 plasmids in Rhodococcus equi isolated from the small intestine of pigs and comparison of selective culture media

Biofilm formation by Rhodococcus equi and putative association with macrolide resistance

Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo and Newport in Free‐ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

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