Identification of Oil Palm’s Consistently Upregulated Genes during Early Infections of Ganoderma boninense via RNA-Seq Technology and Real-Time Quantitative PCR

Zuhar, Liyana Mohd; Zairun, Madihah Ahmad; Ahmad, Siti Aqlima; Zainal, Zamri; Idris, Abu Seman; Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi

doi:10.3390/plants10102026

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Senescence and hypersensitive reaction, a form of programmed cell death brought on by pathogens, are two examples of mechanisms that result in SAG13 induction in plants (Nikhilesh et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2013). The difference between the results in this study and those proposed by Zuhar et al, (2021), thought to be due to differences in year of planting of oil palm in which Zuhar et al, (2021) used seeds (Nakazato et al, 2000).…”

Section: Figure 3 Expression Level Of Seven Gene Markers To Detect Ga...mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…RNA isolation was followed by RT-qPCR expression level analysis. Transcriptome data from the roots of the 12-month-old Oil Palm var Tenera seedling plant served as the basis for the primers and target genes used (Zuhar et al, 2021). Seven key genes were generated as a result of the intersecting upregulated genes.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 1 Validation Expression Of Seven Mark...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomic libraries of oil palm roots infected with G. boninense were examined in a study by (Zuhar et al, 2021). From the transcriptome libraries of root tissues infected with G. boninense at various phases of infection, a total of 126 DEGs were found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of Early Infection Markers for Ganoderma in Oil Palm at Three Endemic Ganoderma Locations

Permatasari

Puspita

Kresnawaty

et al. 2023

J. Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

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A serious disease that affects the viability of the oil palm industry is basal stem rot, which is caused by Ganoderma. The current level of disease can be viewed as unmanageable, given that the palms were growing in an unfavorable or unsuitable climate. Today, there are numerous approaches to diagnose diseases early, and one of them using molecular methods. Seven genes for early infection markers were effectively generated by a reference's transcriptome study, including LEUCO, ETHYLENE, CHALCONE, ANTHOCYANIDIN, ETHYLENE, MANNOSE, and SENESCENCE. The purpose of this study is to validate and confirm the presence of Ganoderma infections in three endemic oil palm field in Indonesia i.e. Cisalak Baru, Rejosari, and Bekri plantation. This study conducted real time qPCR of RNA from oil palm roots with four different severities of infection. Manual processing of RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis were carried out, to provide quantification expression level. In addition, gene ontology (GO) analysis was also performed in order to explain the roles of each gene tested. The results revealed that CHALCONE is the only marker that consistently elucidate the Ganoderma's early infection appear in three locations. The drawbacks of the analysis results are tightly correlating to the age of oil palm as well as endemic location. GO results declare that seven genes function related to the response of infection. This work was successful in confirming early infection in three places, elucidating the variables influencing the efficacy and sensitivity of molecular detection, and revealing the function and importance of particular genes for detection.

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Section: Figure 3 Expression Level Of Seven Gene Markers To Detect Ga...mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Results and Discussion 1 Validation Expression Of Seven Mark...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of Early Infection Markers for Ganoderma in Oil Palm at Three Endemic Ganoderma Locations

Permatasari

Puspita

Kresnawaty

et al. 2023

J. Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

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“…During G. boninense infection, seedlings and mature plants consistently displayed upregulation of seven putative defense-related DEGs. These seven genes may be developed into biomarkers for the early detection of BSR in oil palm ( Mohd Zuhar et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Defense-related Genes and Proteins Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma boninense: general characteristics of pathogenicity and methods of control

Khoo

Chong

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Ganoderma boninense (G. boninense) is a soil-borne fungus threatening oil palm at the present. It causes basal stem rot disease on oil palm. Within six months, this fungus can cause an oil palm plantation to suffer a significant 43% economic loss. The high persistence and nature of spread of G. boninense in soil make control of the disease challenging. Therefore, controlling the pathogen requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that underlie pathogenicity as well as its interactions with host plants. In this paper, we present the general characteristics, the pathogenic mechanisms, and the host’s defensive system of G. boninense. We also review upcoming and most promising techniques for disease management that will have the least negative effects on the environment and natural resources.

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“…Several studies have been conducted to investigate the pathogenicity mechanisms, molecular characteristics, and genetic makeup of G. boninense . These studies have explored various aspects, including genomics [ 14 ], metabolomics [ 21 ], soil properties [ 16 ], gene expression [ 89 , 195 ], transformation protocols [ 196 , 197 ], and the role of specific genes and enzymes [ 175 , 198 , 199 ]. By gaining insights into the pathogenicity of G. boninense , researchers aim to develop effective strategies for disease control and to identify potential resistance genes in oil palm [ 200 ].…”

Section: Research On Detection Methods For Basal Stem Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-Depth Study of Phytopathogenic Ganoderma: Pathogenicity, Advanced Detection Techniques, Control Strategies, and Sustainable Management

Karunarathna,

Patabendige,

et al. 2024

JoF

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Phytopathogenic Ganoderma species pose a significant threat to global plant health, resulting in estimated annual economic losses exceeding USD (US Dollars) 68 billion in the agriculture and forestry sectors worldwide. To combat this pervasive menace effectively, a comprehensive understanding of the biology, ecology, and plant infection mechanisms of these pathogens is imperative. This comprehensive review critically examines various aspects of Ganoderma spp., including their intricate life cycle, their disease mechanisms, and the multifaceted environmental factors influencing their spread. Recent studies have quantified the economic impact of Ganoderma infections, revealing staggering yield losses ranging from 20% to 80% across various crops. In particular, oil palm plantations suffer devastating losses, with an estimated annual reduction in yield exceeding 50 million metric tons. Moreover, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between Ganoderma and host plants, delineating the pathogen’s colonization strategies and its elicitation of intricate plant defense responses. This comprehensive analysis underscores the imperative for adopting an integrated approach to Ganoderma disease management. By synergistically harnessing cultural practices, biological control, and chemical treatments and by deploying resistant plant varieties, substantial strides can be made in mitigating Ganoderma infestations. Furthermore, a collaborative effort involving scientists, breeders, and growers is paramount in the development and implementation of sustainable strategies against this pernicious plant pathogen. Through rigorous scientific inquiry and evidence-based practices, we can strive towards safeguarding global plant health and mitigating the dire economic consequences inflicted by Ganoderma infections.

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Identification of Oil Palm’s Consistently Upregulated Genes during Early Infections of Ganoderma boninense via RNA-Seq Technology and Real-Time Quantitative PCR

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Validation of Early Infection Markers for Ganoderma in Oil Palm at Three Endemic Ganoderma Locations

Validation of Early Infection Markers for Ganoderma in Oil Palm at Three Endemic Ganoderma Locations

Ganoderma boninense: general characteristics of pathogenicity and methods of control

An In-Depth Study of Phytopathogenic Ganoderma: Pathogenicity, Advanced Detection Techniques, Control Strategies, and Sustainable Management

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