Identification of Odor Causing Compounds in a Commercial Dairy Farm

Lu, Mingming; Lamichhane, Prabhat; Liang, Fuyan; Imerman, Eric; Chai, Ming

doi:10.1007/s11267-007-9150-x

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Japanese dairy farms produce 24,646 kt yr À1 (2009) of manure to be treated. The increasing farm scale and intensive manure production has caused environmental problems such as odor (Lu et al 2008), nitrate leaching (Eriksen et al 2004), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In response to these problems, it is expected that dairy farmers will develop new strategies for conducting sustainable and environmentally friendly dairy production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission from the cattle manure composting process by use of a bulking agent

Maeda¹,

Hanajima

Morioka

et al. 2013

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The greenhouse gas (GHG) [methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O)] mitigation effects of mixing dried grass into passively-aerated manure during the composting process (which accounts for 68.7% of Japanese dairy manure management) were assessed. Gaseous emissions [CH 4 , N 2 O, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 )] from about 4 t of fresh dairy manure with or without 400 kg of dried grass mixed in were measured by the dynamic chamber method. The addition of dried grass contributed to a decrease in GHG emissions from 20.8 AE 1.3 g kg À1 volatile solids (VS) to 5.4 AE 1.4 g kg À1 VS (74.3% mitigation) for CH 4 and from 7.4 AE 2.6 g N 2 O-N kg À1 N initial to 2.7 AE 0.4 g N 2 O-N kg À1 N initial (62.8% mitigation) for N 2 O. By applying this strategy, the expected reduction of GHG emission would be 70,466 t CH 4 yr À1 and 1379 t N 2 O-N yr À1(1907 Gg CO 2 eq. yr À1 in total) in the Japanese dairy sector. On the other hand, it was showed that CO 2 and NH 3 emissions increase [from 424.4 AE 214.9 g CO 2 kg À1 VS to 603.8 AE 99.6 g CO 2 kg À1 VS for CO 2 and from 16.9 AE 7.1 g ammonium-nitrogen (NH 3 -N) kg À1 N initial to 38.3 AE 3.5 g NH 3 -N kg À1 N initial for NH 3 ] by this method. Moreover, the mechanism of this significant N 2 O mitigation effect cannot be explained, and a better understanding of this effect could further improve the GHG mitigation strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission from the cattle manure composting process by use of a bulking agent

Maeda¹,

Hanajima

Morioka

et al. 2013

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Propionic acid (C 3 -FA) and valeric acid (C 5 -FA) were also detected as the minor FAs. These shortchained FAs are referred as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and are well known as their offensive odors (Lu et al, 2008;Nguyen et al, 2009). Considering the toxicity (i.e., MC-LR) and offensive odor, landfilling of microalgal biomass would not be the best option for the final disposal of hazardous microalgal biomass.…”

Section: Microalgal Lipid Analysis and Basic Thermal Degradation Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the toxicity (i.e., MC-LR) and offensive odor, landfilling of microalgal biomass would not be the best option for the final disposal of hazardous microalgal biomass. For instance, recognition of offensive odorants and resulting nuisance is considered one of the most serious issues triggering public complaints in urban environment and community odors remain one of the top three complaints to air quality regulators and government bodies in different countries (Lu et al, 2008;Nguyen et al, 2009;Shusterman, 1992). Furthermore, the possible environmental and ecological disturbance by MC-LR would be possible, which partially justified that the thermo-chemical treatment of microalgal biomass could be a reasonable disposal option for hazardous microalgal biomass.…”

Section: Microalgal Lipid Analysis and Basic Thermal Degradation Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced thermal destruction of toxic microalgal biomass by using CO2

Jung

Lee

Kim

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Poultry, swine, dairy, and cattle feedyard operations are the major stationary sources of odorous volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the agricultural sector causing public odor complaints (Lu et al, 2008). Volatile organic compounds also play a major role in the formation of photochemical oxidants in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of seasonal phenol andp-cresol emissions from ground-level area sources in a dairy operation in central Texas

Borhan

Capareda

Mukhtar

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Although there are more than 200 odor-causing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phenol and p-cresol are two prominent odor-causing VOCs found downwind from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The VOC emissions from cattle and dairy production are difficult to quantify accurately because of their low concentrations, spatial variability, and limitations of available instruments. To quantify VOCs, a protocol following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method TO-14A has been established based on the isolation flux chamber method and a portable gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with a purge-and-trap system. The general objective of this research was to quantify phenol and p-cresol emission rates (ERs) from different ground-level area sources (GLASs) in a free-stall dairy during summer and winter seasons using this protocol. Two-week-long sampling campaigns were conducted in a dairy operation in central Texas. Twenty-nine air samples were collected during winter and 37 samples were collected during summer from six specifically delineated GLASs (barn, loafing pen, lagoon, settling basin, silage pile, and walkway) at the free-stall dairy. Thirteen VOCs were identified during the sampling period and the GC was calibrated for phenol and p-cresol, the primary odorous VOCs identified. The overall calculated ERs for phenol and p-cresol were 2656 AE 728 and 763 AE 212 mg hd À1 day À1 , respectively, during winter. Overall phenol and p-cresol ERs were calculated to be 1183 AE 361 and 551 AE 214 mg hd À1 day À1 , respectively, during summer. In general, overall phenol and p-cresol ERs during winter were about 2.3 and 1.4 times, respectively, higher than those during summer.Implications: Concentrated animal feeding operations contribute a considerable amount of VOCs to the atmosphere. The phenol and p-cresol are two VOCs recognized as potential odor-causing compounds emitted from livestock operation. To develop effective strategies for mitigating livestock odorous VOC emissions, relative emissions from different GLAS in a livestock operation under different climate conditions should be quantified. It is also important to obtain direct estimates of VOC emissions from different GLAS in CAFOs to compile emission inventories. This research determined phenol and p-cresol emissions from different GLAS in a free-stall dairy and also identified areas in a dairy operations that have the highest phenol and p-cresol emissions.

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Identification of Odor Causing Compounds in a Commercial Dairy Farm

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission from the cattle manure composting process by use of a bulking agent

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission from the cattle manure composting process by use of a bulking agent

Enhanced thermal destruction of toxic microalgal biomass by using CO2

Comparison of seasonal phenol andp-cresol emissions from ground-level area sources in a dairy operation in central Texas

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