Identification of novel glutathione transferases in Echinococcus granulosus. An evolutionary perspective

Iriarte, Andrés; Arbildi, Paula; La-Rocca, Silvana; Musto, Héctor; Fernández, Verónica

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.05.010

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Three potential immune modulators in the transcript database, sigma class glutathione transferase (Sigma class GST), cytoplasmic heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and alpha-enolase (α-Enolase), were selected for further bioinformatic analysis. Protein sequences of recognised Sigma class GST, HSP90 family (alpha and beta isoforms) and α-Enolase from 13, 22, 14 different species, respectively, covering mammalians, nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes were retrieved from Genbank and NCBI Reference Sequence (see recognised Sigma class GST, HSP90 and α-Enolase proteins sequences in Supplementary Table S5 , [ 52 , 56 , 64 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ]. Recognised sequences were blasted against the A. perfoliata transcriptome (cutoff set at 1.0 × 10 −15 , 1.0 × 10 −20 , and 1.0 × 10 −15 for Sigma GST, HSP90, and α-Enolase, respectively) and representative A. perfoliata sequences translated into protein sequences, as previously described.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2021

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Anoplocephala perfoliata is a neglected gastro-intestinal tapeworm, commonly infecting horses worldwide. Molecular investigation of A. perfoliata is hampered by a lack of tools to better understand the host–parasite interface. This interface is likely influenced by parasite derived immune modulators released in the secretome as free proteins or components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, adult RNA was sequenced and de novo assembled to generate the first A. perfoliata transcriptome. In addition, excretory secretory products (ESP) from adult A. perfoliata were collected and EVs isolated using size exclusion chromatography, prior to proteomic analysis of the EVs, the EV surface and EV depleted ESP. Transcriptome analysis revealed 454 sequences homologous to known helminth immune modulators including two novel Sigma class GSTs, five α-HSP90s, and three α-enolases with isoforms of all three observed within the proteomic analysis of the secretome. Furthermore, secretome proteomics identified common helminth proteins across each sample with known EV markers, such as annexins and tetraspanins, observed in EV fractions. Importantly, 49 of the 454 putative immune modulators were identified across the secretome proteomics contained within and on the surface of EVs in addition to those identified in free ESP. This work provides the molecular tools for A. perfoliata to reveal key players in the host–parasite interaction within the horse host.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2021

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“…A well-characterized antioxidant defense in E. granulosus is the linked thioredoxin-glutathione system, including the redox-associated proteins thioredoxin glutathione reductase, thioredoxin peroxidase, thioredoxin, glutathione, and glutaredoxin 11,12 . Other detoxifying enzymes, including members of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) family, have also been reported in E. granulosus 13,14 . Despite the availability of genome data from various taenid species 15 , little is known about how parasitic flatworms respond to oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling oxidative stress response in the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus

Cancela

Paes

Moura

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a worldwide neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite is well adapted to its host by producing protective molecules that modulate host immune response. An unexplored issue associated with the parasite’s persistence in its host is how the organism can survive the oxidative stress resulting from parasite endogenous metabolism and host defenses. Here, we used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress in E. granulosus protoescoleces (PSCs) to identify molecular pathways and antioxidant responses during H2O2 exposure. Using proteomics, we identified 550 unique proteins; including 474 in H2O2-exposed PSCs (H-PSCs) samples and 515 in non-exposed PSCs (C-PSCs) samples. Larger amounts of antioxidant proteins, including GSTs and novel carbonyl detoxifying enzymes, such as aldo-keto reductase and carbonyl reductase, were detected after H2O2 exposure. Increased concentrations of caspase-3 and cathepsin-D proteases and components of the 26S proteasome were also detected in H-PSCs. Reduction of lamin-B and other caspase-substrate, such as filamin, in H-PSCs suggested that molecular events related to early apoptosis were also induced. We present data that describe proteins expressed in response to oxidative stress in a metazoan parasite, including novel antioxidant enzymes and targets with potential application to treatment and prevention of CHD.

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“…Interestingly, Nguyen et al reported the presence of a new type of cytosolic sigma GST in the metacestode of T. solium (TsMsGST), specifically expressed in the cytosol of the scolex tegument and susceptible to praziquantel (a drug used against neurocysticercosis, and which does not normally interact with sigma GSTs) [ 170 ]. Finally, Iriarte et al analyzed the genomic information available from several flatworm representatives and discovered the potential absence of omega-class GST in cestodes, contrary to observations in other species of Schistosoma as the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea [ 174 ].…”

Section: Adaptations Of Parasitic Flatworms To Changes In Oxygen Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Adaptations of Parasitic Flatworms to Different Oxygen Tensions

2022

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During the evolution of the Earth, the increase in the atmospheric concentration of oxygen gave rise to the development of organisms with aerobic metabolism, which utilized this molecule as the ultimate electron acceptor, whereas other organisms maintained an anaerobic metabolism. Platyhelminthes exhibit both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen in their environment and/or due to differential oxygen tensions during certain stages of their life cycle. As these organisms do not have a circulatory system, gas exchange occurs by the passive diffusion through their body wall. Consequently, the flatworms developed several adaptations related to the oxygen gradient that is established between the aerobic tegument and the cellular parenchyma that is mostly anaerobic. Because of the aerobic metabolism, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced in abundance. Catalase usually scavenges H2O2 in mammals; however, this enzyme is absent in parasitic platyhelminths. Thus, the architecture of the antioxidant systems is different, depending primarily on the superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin enzymes represented mainly in the tegument. Here, we discuss the adaptations that parasitic flatworms have developed to be able to transit from the different metabolic conditions to those they are exposed to during their life cycle.

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Identification of novel glutathione transferases in Echinococcus granulosus. An evolutionary perspective

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata

Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata

Unraveling oxidative stress response in the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus

Evolutionary Adaptations of Parasitic Flatworms to Different Oxygen Tensions

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