Identification of novel alpha- and gammaherpesviruses from cutaneous and mucosal lesions of dolphins and whales

Benson, Kara A. Smolarek; Manire, Charles A.; Ewing, Ruth Y.; Saliki, Jeremiah T.; Townsend, Forrest I.; Ehlers, Bernhard; Romero, Carlos H.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.033

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, two different ␣-HV sequences were obtained from the skin samples from two dolphins with minimal lesions. A high association of herpesvirus infection with skin lesions has been described, varying from minimal oval rough and depressed areas to severe necrotizing dermatitis (50)(51)(52)(53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Study of Etiologic Agents Associated with Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Stranded Cetaceans in the Canary Islands

et al. 2014

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c Nineteen natural cases of etiologically undetermined encephalitides in free-ranging cetaceans were studied retrospectively. Histological examination of the brains revealed variable degrees of nonsuppurative encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, characterized predominantly by perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. A PCR assay was used on brain and other available tissues to detect the presence of morbillivirus, herpesvirus, West Nile virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Brucella spp. In addition, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on selected tissues to determine the presence of morbilliviral antigens. Six animals (5 striped dolphins and 1 common dolphin) showed IHC and/or molecular evidence of morbilliviral antigens and/or genomes, mainly in brain tissue. Conventional nested PCR detected herpesviral DNA in brain tissue samples from two striped dolphins. There was no evidence of West Nile virus, T. gondii, or Brucella spp. in any of the brain tissue samples examined. The information presented here increases the number of confirmed morbillivirus-positive cases within the Canarian archipelago from two previously reported cases to eight. Furthermore, a new nested-PCR method for the detection of morbillivirus is described here. Regarding herpesvirus, the phylogenetic analysis performed in the current study provides valuable information about a possible pathogenic branch of cetacean alphaherpesviruses that might be responsible for some fatal cases worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Study of Etiologic Agents Associated with Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Stranded Cetaceans in the Canary Islands

et al. 2014

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“…Alphaherpesviruses are capable of causing a range of diseases, from inconsequential mouth sores to severe encephalitis in newborns and immunocompromised individuals, as in the case of human herpes simplex virus (HHV-1) infection (Roizman and Sears 1996). Given the widespread nature of herpesviruses, it is not surprising that both cetaceans and phocids are known to be infected with alpha and gammaherpesviruses (Van Bressem et al 1999;Smolarek Benson et al 2006;Maness et al 2011;Bellehumeur et al 2016). To date, the occurrence of betaherpesviruses has not been reported in cetaceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alphaherpesvirus: Isolation, Identification, Partial Characterisation, Associated Pathologic Findings and Epidemiology in Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Alaska and Arctic Canada

et al. 2017

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Live, dead stranded, and harvested belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in Alaska and the western Canadian Arctic were screened for viruses utilizing a primary beluga cell line. Samples consisted of swabs from blowhole, anus, and genital tract. Virus cytopathic effect was seen after the incubation of 6-30 days post infection, and virus-like particles consistent with herpesvirus were observed upon electron microscopy. DNA extraction, cetacean-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and sequencing of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase gene fragments of approximately 700 nucleotides revealed the presence of a new species of alphaherpesvirus. Culture positive isolates were recovered from all swab types, from 2001 to 2016. PCR testing of swab and skin lesions from Bristol Bay, Alaska belugas revealed that the herpesvirus was present in the blowholes of a high proportion of the animals. Results suggest that belugas from Canadian and Alaskan locations are infected with alphaherpesvirus. Eight culture-positive belugas were identified from Alaska, all but one were adults and all had evidence of skin disease. No Canadian belugas showed signs of skin disease. Virus was isolated from three separate populations indicating it is likely enzootic in belugas. This is the first report of an alphaherpesvirus isolated and propagated from a monodontid species.

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“…cetaceans (Blanchard et al 2001, Saliki et al 2006, Smolarek-Benson et al 2006) and reptiles (Govett et al 2005. Due to the high homology found between the sequence obtained in the present study and the sequence for HSV-1 published in GenBank (X04771), it could be concluded that the first may be considered an HSV-like sequence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the molecular reports of cetacean herpesviruses are limited to cutaneous and mucosal infections (Saliki et al 2006, Smolarek-Benson et al 2006). Very few data are available about herpesviral systemic infections in cetaceans; however, one case of encephalitis in a harbour porpoise has been reported (Kennedy et al 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplification of conserved DNA regions within the herpesvirus polymerase gene ( VanDevanter et al 1999) and terminase gene (Hargis et al 1999) has been possible using universal PCRs. Further sequencing of the resultant amplicons has provided new reports of alphaherpesvirus in the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Blanchard et al 2001, Smolarek-Benson et al 2006, and gammaherpesvirus in bottlenose dolphin, Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus, the dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima and Blainville's beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris (Saliki et al 2006, Smolarek-Benson et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herpes simplex-like infection in a bottlenose dolphin stranded in the Canary Islands

Esperón¹,

Fernández²,

Sánchez-Vizcaíno³

2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A bottlenose dolphin, stranded in the Canary Islands in 2001 exhibited non-suppurative encephalitis. No molecular detection of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) was found, but a herpesviralspecific band of 250 bp was detected in the lung and brain. The sequenced herpesviral PCR product was compared with GenBank sequences, obtaining 98% homology (p-distance of 0.02) with Human herpesvirus 1 (herpes simplex virus 1 or HSV-1). This is the first report of a herpes simplex-like infection in a stranded dolphin.

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Identification of novel alpha- and gammaherpesviruses from cutaneous and mucosal lesions of dolphins and whales

Cited by 65 publications

References 18 publications

Retrospective Study of Etiologic Agents Associated with Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Stranded Cetaceans in the Canary Islands

Retrospective Study of Etiologic Agents Associated with Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Stranded Cetaceans in the Canary Islands

Alphaherpesvirus: Isolation, Identification, Partial Characterisation, Associated Pathologic Findings and Epidemiology in Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Alaska and Arctic Canada

Herpes simplex-like infection in a bottlenose dolphin stranded in the Canary Islands

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