Identification of nitrate pollution sources of groundwater and analysis of potential pollution paths in loess regions: a case study in Tongchuan region, China

Wei, Ya-ni; Fan, Wen; Wang, Wei; Deng, Longsheng

doi:10.1007/s12665-017-6756-9

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Many researchers have shown that the total accumulation of NO 3 -N in the 0-2.0 m soil layer of greenhouse soil was significantly higher than that in the adjacent grain fields [14][15][16]. The relative content of NO 3 -N in the 1-2.0 m soil layer of some test sites is more than 40% [17], and the content of NO 3 -N in the groundwater of some areas is close to the limit of drinking water sanitation standards (World Health Organization, 8 mg L −1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irrigation Level and Irrigation Frequency on the Growth of Mini Chinese Cabbage and Residual Soil Nitrate Nitrogen

et al. 2018

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: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is known to improve the quality and biomass of vegetables, but it is unclear how to manage the large amount of NO3-N that accumulates in the soil after vegetable harvest. In this study, we examined the influence of irrigation level and irrigation frequency on the growth and soil residual NO3-N of the catch crop mini Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) in a greenhouse. Using conventional border irrigation with adequate water supply as a control (CK), three irrigation levels (WH: 160% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), WM: 120% ETc and WL: 80% ETc) and three irrigation frequencies (intervals of F2: 2 days, F4: 4 days, and F8: 8 days) were assessed in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in northwest China. The results showed that the weight of the leaves and leaf stalks was the primary determinant of yield, and that these are the primary N-containing vegetative organs of the plants. At the same irrigation level, the total N content of the plants increased in the order F8 < F2 < F4. The trend in the total N content in the mini Chinese cabbage plants among different treatments was synchronized with the yield. The highest total N content in the plants was observed in the WMF4 treatment during all three years. The three-year averages of mini Chinese cabbage aboveground biomass, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in the WMF4 treatment were 60%, 64.5% and 119.2% higher respectively than in the CK treatment. The residual NO3-N content in the soil in the WMF4 treatment was only 1.3% higher than that in the CK treatment. The total N uptake in the WMF4 treatment was 79.2% higher than that in the CK treatment, and the N loss in the WMF4 treatment was 46.3% lower than that in the CK treatment. Under these experimental conditions, the WMF4 treatment can be recommended as an appropriate irrigation regime for mini Chinese cabbage under fallow greenhouse management in northwest China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irrigation Level and Irrigation Frequency on the Growth of Mini Chinese Cabbage and Residual Soil Nitrate Nitrogen

et al. 2018

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“…Little water can be utilized from these rivers because of low river levels. Groundwater is the primary source of water for daily life and agricultural production in the region, especially in the loess-covered areas [9]. Water 2017, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 16 …”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 shows that all the shallow groundwater areas were polluted by NO 3 − , which is dangerous to human health and to the environment. Studies have shown the high NO 3 − was probably from agricultural input [9,10]. However, variety fertilizers not only provide nitrate into groundwater but also provide calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, and potassium [36], which may cause a significant change in groundwater geochemistry.…”

Section: Hydraulic Head Patterns and Flow Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rapid development in industry and agriculture, groundwater is over-exploited to meet the increasing demand, leading to problems with both groundwater quality and quantity. Due to agricultural activity, the groundwater in the area has been polluted by nitrate [9,10]. Knowledge of hydrochemical processes of groundwater can provide an effective approach to protect, treat, and restore contaminated groundwater [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of hydrochemical processes of groundwater can provide an effective approach to protect, treat, and restore contaminated groundwater [11,12]. Previous studies examined the geological-hazards and groundwater pollution sources [9,10,13,14], however, the hydrogeochemical processes in Tongchuan remain unknown. The geologic structure is complicated, with two faults cross-cutting the study area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Groundwater Chemistry Regulated by Hydrochemical Processes and Geological Structures: A Case Study in Tongchuan, China

Qian

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:Knowledge of hydrochemical processes in groundwater helps to identify the relationship between geochemical processes and groundwater quality as well as to understand the hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater, which is important for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study aims to identify the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the area of Tongchuan City, China. A total of 58 groundwater samples were collected. A hierarchical cluster analysis divided samples into three clusters and six sub-clusters (cluster 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b) according to hydrochemical facies. Graphical plots of multiple ionic ratios, saturation indices, and ion exchange indices were employed to examine hydrochemical processes that result in different hydrochemical facies of each cluster. Results show the predominance of carbonate and silicate weathering in cluster 1, silicate weathering in cluster 2, and carbonate weathering in cluster 3. Ionic exchange is a ubiquitous process among all clusters. The distribution of clusters is related to the regional geology, which may result in different hydrochemical processes. Two stratigraphic sections identify the differences in hydrochemical processes resulting from complex stratum structures and varied aquifer media. Cluster 2a shows an interesting difference in water chemistry along the groundwater flow path. Further study by oxygen and hydrogen isotope indicated that mixing between Quaternary and the Permian aquifers resulting from faulting is the main reason for the distinctive characteristic of cluster 2a.

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Hydrochemical processes and inorganic nitrogen sources of shallow groundwater in the Sanjiang Plain, northeast China

Wu,

Li,

Cui

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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This study investigates the chemical characteristics, formation, and sources of inorganic nitrogen (IN) of shallow groundwater across the Sanjiang Plain, aiming to enhance drinking water safety management and pollution control. A total of 167 groundwater and 27 surface water samples were collected for constituents and isotopes (H2 and O18). The hydrogeochemical characteristics showed that the major type is HCO3‐ Ca·Mg, with low total dissolved solids and a neutral to weak alkaline nature. Rock weathering processes govern the hydrochemical composition of groundwater. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes analyses revealed that precipitation serves as the main water source. In alluvial areas, oxidative conditions lead to the enrichment of NO3‐N concentrations, with sewage, manure, and fertilizers being the primary IN sources. In lacustrine areas, intensive rice cultivation results in reductive conditions and strong denitrification processes, causing the loss of NO3‐N and leaving NH4‐N as the dominant IN form. Organic matter mineralization is likely a more significant contributor to NH4‐N concentrations than ammonium fertilizers. These findings provide valuable information for further research on natural sources and groundwater pollution in areas with similar hydrogeological conditions.Practitioner Points Rock weathering processes govern the hydrochemical composition of groundwater, and precipitation serves as the main water source. In alluvial areas, oxidative conditions lead to the enrichment of NO3‐N. In lacustrine areas, intensive rice cultivation results in reductive conditions and strong denitrification processes. Organic matter mineralization is likely a more significant contributor to NH4‐N concentrations than ammonium fertilizers. These findings provide references for water management and information for further research on natural sources and groundwater pollution in areas with similar hydrogeological conditions.

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Identification of nitrate pollution sources of groundwater and analysis of potential pollution paths in loess regions: a case study in Tongchuan region, China

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of Irrigation Level and Irrigation Frequency on the Growth of Mini Chinese Cabbage and Residual Soil Nitrate Nitrogen

Effect of Irrigation Level and Irrigation Frequency on the Growth of Mini Chinese Cabbage and Residual Soil Nitrate Nitrogen

Groundwater Chemistry Regulated by Hydrochemical Processes and Geological Structures: A Case Study in Tongchuan, China

Hydrochemical processes and inorganic nitrogen sources of shallow groundwater in the Sanjiang Plain, northeast China

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