Identification of New Verocytotoxin Type 2 Variant B-Subunit Genes in Human and Animal
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            Isolates

Piérard, Denis; Muyldermans, Gaëtan; Moriau, Leo; Stevens, D.S.; Lauwers, Sabine

doi:10.1128/jcm.36.11.3317-3322.1998

Cited by 244 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The main virulence properties in the pathogenesis of HUS and HC are considered to be the Shiga toxins (Stx 1 and Stx 2 ), and different subtypes of Stx 1 and Stx 2 (stx 1c , stx 2c, stx 2d, stx 2e , stx 2f , stx 2g ) have been described already (Weinstein et al, 1988;Tyler et al, 1991;Gannon et al, 1992;Piérard et al, 1998;Schmidt et al, 2000;Leung et al, 2003). However, some stx subtypes seem to occur more frequently in animals than in humans (Brett et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stxgenotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia colistrains isolated from human infections, cattle and foods in Brazil

Cergole-Novella

Nishimura

Irino

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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A total of 107 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains (STEC) isolated from different origins in São Paulo, Brazil, and belonging to different serotypes were characterized regarding stx subtypes and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Most of the human STEC strains harbored stx1 (85.7%), while stx2, associated or not to stx1, was identified preferentially in the animal and food strains. None of the STEC strains carried stx1c. Some genotypes occurred exclusively among strains of bovine origin as stx2c, stx1+2+2c (16.5% each), and stx2d (0.9%), whereas stx2+2c2vha) was only identified among the O157:H7 human strains. Moreover, the stx(2c2vhb) subtype was found more frequently among bovine than human strains (39% vs. 4.8%). The highest frequencies of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents were observed among bovine (87%) and food (100%) STEC strains, while 47.6% of the human isolates were resistant to at least one drug. Multiresistance occurred among O111 STEC strains from human and bovine origin. The antimicrobials to which resistance was most frequently observed were tetracycline (90%) and streptomycin (75%) among human strains, and also sulphazotrin (88%) in animal strains. A few serotypes were commonly identified among STEC strains isolated from diverse sources in Brazil, but in general the strains presented distinct stx subtypes and/or antimicrobial resistance profiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stxgenotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia colistrains isolated from human infections, cattle and foods in Brazil

Cergole-Novella

Nishimura

Irino

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Stx2e was classi¢ed separately from these two groups and Stx1. Our two Stx2 variant groups, G1 and G2, contain Stx2 variants in common with the classi¢cation of Pie ¤rard et al, except Stx2 [10]. Since the nucleotide sequence of Stx2 does not contain the G1-speci¢c sequence, we classi¢ed Stx2 apart from G1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many primers have been reported to detect Stx2 and its variants [10]. Some showed excellent separation of Stx2 variants by combining PCR with other techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grouping of Stx2 and its variants according to their B subunit sequences might be a useful method of characterizing Stx2 variants. Pie ¤rard et al compared the A and B subunit-coding regions of Stx1, Stx2 and six Stx2 variants, and indicated that Stx2 and its variants could be divided into group 1, group 2, and Stx2e [10]. Their group 1 contains Stx2, Stx2vha and Stx2vhb, and their group 2 contains Stx2d-O111, Stx2d-OX3a and Stx2d-Ount.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subtyping of Shiga toxin 2 variants in human-derived Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated in Japan

Nakao

2002

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) variants have been found to exhibit not only antigenic divergence, but also differences in toxicity for tissue culture cells and animals. To clarify whether all or just a subset of Stx2 variants are important for the virulence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, we designed PCR primers to detect and type all reported variants. We classified them into four groups according to the nucleotide sequences of the Stx2 family; for example, group 1 (G1) contains VT2vha and group 2 (G2) contains VT2d-Ount. The 120 strains of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli used in this study were isolated from humans in Japan between 1986 and 1999. Among the four variant groups, the G1 gene only was detected in 23 of the 120 clinical strains (19.2%) and all belonged to the O157 serotype. G1 is considered the most important Stx2 variant group in terms of human pathogenicity. A multiplex PCR that can detect the stx1, stx2, and G1 genes was developed as a means of rapid and easy typing to better understand the roles of the different types of Stx.

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“…For each STEC clonal type (based on PFGE patterns), the serotype (using antisera O1-O181 and H1-H56), the subtypes of the B-subunit of stx 2 genes and the Vero cell toxicity were determined at the National Reference Laboratory for E. coli (NRL-E. coli) in Berlin, Germany, as previously described by others (Johnson et al 1990;Beutin et al 1996Beutin et al , 2005Pierard et al 1998).…”

Section: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization Of Stec Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and spread of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliin alpine pasture grasslands

Frémaux

Prigent‐Combaret

Beutin

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To determine the fate of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains defecated onto alpine grassland soils. Methods and Results: During the summers of 2005 and 2006, the field survival of STEC was monitored in cowpats and underlying soils in four different alpine pasture units. A most probable number (MPN)‐PCR stx assay was used to enumerate STEC populations. STEC levels ranged between 3·9 and 5·4 log10 CFU g−1 in fresh cowpats and slowly decreased until their complete decay (inactivation rates k < 0·04 day−1). PFGE typing of STEC strains isolated from faecal and soil samples assessed the persistence of various clonal types for at least 2 months in cowpats and their vertical dispersal down through the soil at a depth up to at least 20 cm. STEC cells counts in soil were always below 2 log10 CFU g−1, regardless of the pasture unit investigated. The soil became rapidly free of detectable STEC once the cowpat had decomposed. The eight STEC strains isolated during this study belonged to six distinct serotypes and tested positive for the gene(s) stx2, including the stx2g and stx2 NV206 variants. Conclusions: STEC were able to persist in cowpats and disseminate down through the soil but were unable to establish. Significance and impact of the Study: This study provides useful information concerning the ecology of STEC in alpine pasture grasslands and may have implications for land and cattle management.

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Identification of New Verocytotoxin Type 2 Variant B-Subunit Genes in Human and Animal Escherichia coli Isolates

Cited by 244 publications

References 37 publications

Stxgenotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia colistrains isolated from human infections, cattle and foods in Brazil

Stxgenotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia colistrains isolated from human infections, cattle and foods in Brazil

Subtyping of Shiga toxin 2 variants in human-derived Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated in Japan

Survival and spread of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliin alpine pasture grasslands

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