Identification of New Proteins and Potential Mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase Inhibitor Factor 1-Associated Mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana Using iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

Abstract

The mitochondrial synthesis of ATP makes a vital contribution to the growth and development of biological organisms, in which the enzyme mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase plays a pivotal role, in that it can either synthesize or hydrolyze cellular ATP. The finding of our previous study revealed that mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (IF1) in Arabidopsis thaliana has a conserved function as an endogenous inhibitor affecting cellular energy status and plays an important role in plant growth and reproduction, particularly in fertility. In this study, to gain an insight into IF1-related traits, we performed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling analysis. In total, 67 of 4778 identified proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 59 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated) between wild-type and if1 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that these DEPs were the most significantly enriched in pathways such as “long-day photoperiodism, flowering,” “positive regulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma,” and “pollen sperm cell differentiation,” which are closely associated with reproductive development. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that photosynthesis was the pathway most significantly enriched with DEPs. Collectively, our results revealed a global shift in protein abundance patterns corresponding to AtIF1 mutation, entailing changes in the abundance of multiple key proteins and metabolic processes, which will provide a valuable proteomic foundation for future studies.

Submergence Stress Alters the Expression of Clock Genes and Configures New Zeniths and Expression of Outputs in Brachypodium distachyon

“…We underline an interesting transcript coding for IF1, a small protein that has received much attention in mammal systems as a crucial control point for ATP production by mitochondrial ATP synthase and as an enhancer of glycolysis with roles in cancer and metabolic diseases [62]. In contrast, IF1 has begun to be characterized in plants and has shown similar features to its mammalian counterparts, such as mitochondrial localization, an increase in the ATP/ADP ratio, and the suppression of ROS stress markers [63,64]. The expression pattern of IF1 may indicate the entrance of the plant to a new stress phase in the second night where the energy stress may be more imperative; the sensitivity of this gene to cell energy status is an interesting hypothesis to follow.…”