“…Dielectrophoresis and cellular impedance spectroscopy have demonstrated a capability to differentiate cells based upon changes in the biochemical makeup of the cellular structure with labels (Labeed et al, 2003(Labeed et al, , 2011Chin et al, 2006;Coley et al, 2007;Flanagan et al, 2008;Jones et al, 2015;Su et al, 2016;Fernandez et al, 2017;Rohani et al, 2018;Crowther et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019; Hilton et al, 2020). When fully developed and vetted, this approach of serotyping will require less expense and expertise compared to producing antisera in agglutination test utilizing O and H antiserum and will not require expert genomic information interpretation skills in whole genome sequencing for identifying Salmonella (Ng and Kirkness, 2010;Ashton et al, 2016).…”