“…Pretty obviously, language impairment is a primary symptom of several clinical conditions (aka language disorders ), but it is also a secondary symptom in many other diseases, and accordingly, can be a marker of the disease even at the prodromal phase. For example, there is ample evidence of alterations of speech and/or language in anorexia nervosa (Gagliardi & Tamburini, 2022), psychosis (Palaniyappan, 2021), schizophrenia (De Boer et al., 2020) or major depression (Astudillo Maya et al., 2023). The utility of language as a marker of cognitive impairment is due to its multifactorial and multilevel nature, as noted, and particularly, its dependence on other cognitive functions, such as memory, executive function, working memory, processing speed and the like.…”