Identification of nasal bacterial flora profile and carriage rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with allergic rhinitis

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) on the nasal flora and colonization rates of resistant microorganisms in comparison to healthy individuals. This colonization may be important in terms of AR-related disorders, the resistant microorganisms' carriage, and its complications and co-morbidities. The study was performed with two groups. The study group was composed of 54 adult patients with AR. The control group was composed of 50 healthy individuals. None of the individuals in both groups have used any antibiotics, local or systemic steroid within the last month. Composition of bacterial nasal flora and carriage rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were evaluated with conventional methods by taking nasal smears with a swab. In the study group, methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) were detected in 30%; whereas diphtheroids in 25%, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in 13%, methicillin-sensitive S. aureus in 9%, methicillin-resistant S. aureus in 3.7%, and extended-spectrum beta lactamases-positive gram-negative bacilli (GR-ESBL+) in 3.7% were detected. In the control group, methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci were detected in 54%; whereas diphtheroids in 21%, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in 1.5%, methicillin-sensitive S. aureus in 16%, methicillin-resistant S. aureus in 1.5%, Gr-ESBL(-) in 4%, and viridians streptococci in 3% were detected. It is found that the MRSA and MRCNS colonization is higher in patients with AR. This colonization may be important in terms of AR-related disorders, the resistant microorganisms' carriage, and its complications and co-morbidities in comparison to healthy subjects.

Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in allergic rhinitis patient and healthy individuals: Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and effect on disease severity

“…In the current study, higher MRSA nasal carriage rate occurred in allergic rhinitis patients with about 15% carriage rate compared to 4% in healthy individuals group. This is similar to the finding of a recently published paper by Cevik et al (2014) in Turkey, which revealed higher MRSA carriage rate among allergic rhinitis patients (3.7%) compared to controls (1.5%). The difference in MRSA prevalence among both studies might be explained by the fact that Jordan was shown to have a high prevalence of MRSA in general compared to other Mediterranean and European countries, which was attributed to inefficient infection prevention and control measures (Borg et al, 2007).…”

“…This was also supported by other two studies from Jordan that found a prevalence of 7.4 (Al-Bakri et al, 2013) and 13.2% (Shehabi et al, 2013) of the community MRSA in Jordan. Other factors such as difference in host factors and difference in the population of the two studies might contribute to the difference in the MRSA prevalence in the current study and that found by Cevik et al (2014).…”

“…Allergic rhinitis was previously reported to increase the risk of S. aureus carriage (Shiomori et al, 2000). However, few studies have recently documented increased risk of MRSA nasal carriage among allergic rhinitis patients (Cevik et al, 2014). The scarcity of studies that focused on detecting MRSA among allergic rhinitis patients mandates further exploration of this aspect.…”

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Hemodialyzed Patients at the Hospital de Clínicas of Paraguay: A pilot study

“…26 In the case of patients undergoing hemodialysis, presenting symptoms or signs may be overlapped by uremic pruritus. 27 Study limitations were the low number of samples included as it was difficult to extrapolate results to all patients undergoing hemodialysis. Nevertheless, as a pilot study this generated the first set of data on the characterization of S. aureus from hemodialysis patients in Paraguay.…”

Viruses and bacteria in Th2‐biased allergic airway disease

“…Coherently, an increase in nasal S. aureus carriage and the presence of S. aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE antibodies have been described in the mucosa of CRSwNP subjects and perennial allergic rhinitis patients (33,37), and this is even higher in CRSwNP patients with asthma comorbidity and aspirin sensitivity. The further analysis on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in allergic rhinitis highlighted that an increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus burden provides an insight into the difficulty of eradicating the bacterium (38).…”