Identification of microbiome etiology associated with drug resistance in pleural empyema

Chen, Zhaoyan; Cheng, Hang; Zhao, Chunjiang; Wei, Qingjun; Li, Jinxin; Liang, Jing; Wen-shu, Zhang; Yu, Ziming; Liu, Dongjing; Liu, Lei; Zhang, Zhenqiang; Wang, Ke; Ling, Yang

doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa2019

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Compared with conventional methods, mNGS has higher sensitivity and faster detection times ( Grumaz et al., 2016 ). Additionally, it has a unique advantage in identifying mixed and rare pathogen infections ( Doan et al., 2016 ; Chen et al., 2021 ; Gu et al., 2021 ; Deng et al., 2023 ). In recent years, an increasing amount of research has demonstrated the great potential of mNGS in diagnosing clinical infectious diseases in hematological patients with FN ( Guo et al., 2022 ; Zhang et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in hematological patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia

Wang,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundMetagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a novel non-invasive and comprehensive technique for etiological diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, its practical significance has been seldom reported in the context of hematological patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia, a unique patient group characterized by neutropenia and compromised immune responses.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the results of plasma cfDNA sequencing in 164 hematological patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia. We assessed the diagnostic efficacy and clinical impact of mNGS, comparing it with conventional microbiological tests.ResultsmNGS identified 68 different pathogens in 111 patients, whereas conventional methods detected only 17 pathogen types in 36 patients. mNGS exhibited a significantly higher positive detection rate than conventional methods (67.7% vs. 22.0%, P < 0.001). This improvement was consistent across bacterial (30.5% vs. 9.1%), fungal (19.5% vs. 4.3%), and viral (37.2% vs. 9.1%) infections (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The anti-infective treatment strategies were adjusted for 51.2% (84/164) of the patients based on the mNGS results.ConclusionsmNGS of plasma cfDNA offers substantial promise for the early detection of pathogens and the timely optimization of anti-infective therapies in hematological patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia.

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