Identification of Metabolic Routes and Catabolic Enzymes Involved in Phytoremediation of the Nitro- Substituted Explosives TNT, RDX, and HMX

Yoon, Jong Moon; Schnoor, Jerald L.; Aken, Benoı̂t Van; Brentner, Laura B.; Tanaka, Sachiyo; Flokstra, Brittany

doi:10.21236/ada476298

Cited by 2 publications

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References 43 publications

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“…Some woody species can be advantage ously used also for phytoremediation of soils and groundwater from organic pollutants (Corseuil & Moreno 2001) and hydrocarbons (Thompson et al 1998, Yoon et al 2006. The potential in phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils expressed by forest trees has been assessed for several species in re cent years (Arduini et al 1996, Pisano & Rockwood 1997, Kozlov et al 2000, Mau rice & Lagerkvist 2000, Prasad & Freitas 2000, Kopponen et al 2001, Rosselli et al 2003, French et al 2006, Meers et al 2007, Brunner et al 2008, Domínguez et al 2008.…”

Section: Woody Plants and Phytoremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals and woody plants - biotechnologies for phytoremediation

Capuana¹

2011

iForest

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Soil contamination by heavy metals is among the most serious danger for the environment, and new methods for its containment and removal are claimed, in particular for agricultural soils. Phytoremediation is an emerging, potentially effective technology applicable to restoration of contaminated soils and waters. Besides hyperaccumulator herbaceous plants, several woody species are now considered of interest to this aim. Many woody plants are fast growing, have deep roots, produce abundant biomass, are easy to harvest, and several species revealed some capacity to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals. Biotechnologies are now available for investigating this potential and enlarge the possibilities of exploitation of trees for remediation. The use of in vitro cultures, the role of bacteria and mychorrhizas, the powerful tool of genetic engineering, are some of the aspects focused in this paper that open prospects of global relevance for a better understanding of the processes related to the uptake of heavy metals by woody plants. In recent years significant progress has been made in identifying native plants and developing genetically modified tree plants for the remediation of heavy-metal polluted environment. Despite the intensive research developed in the last years, few field trials demonstrated the feasibility of the approach described, therefore much efforts should be addressed to this goal

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Section: Woody Plants and Phytoremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals and woody plants - biotechnologies for phytoremediation

Capuana¹

2011

iForest

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Ecotoxicogenomic evaluation of hybrid poplar tree phytoremediation of nitro-substituted explosives

Flokstra¹

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Poplar (Populus deltoides x nigra DN34) tissue cultures removed 2,4,6trinitrotoluene (TNT) from an aqueous solution in five days, reducing the toxicity of the solution from highly toxic Microtox® EC value to that of the control. 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) was taken up by the plant tissue cultures more slowly, but toxicity reduction of the solution was evident. The measurement of toxicity reduction of aqueous solutions containing TNT and RDX was performed using a novel methodology developed for use with the Microtox® testing system. Radiolabeled TNT and RDX were used to confirm removal of explosives from hydroponic solutions containing plant tissue cultures and to verify that toxicity did not change in solutions where no plant cultures were present (positive controls). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) andLiquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) measurements confirmed removal of TNT and RDX from solutions containing poplar plant tissue cultures and constancy of the plant-free controls. In addition, metabolites were identified in remediated solutions by HPLC, confirming the mechanism by which plants can remediate groundwater, surface water, and soil solutions.Using an Affymetrix® microarray, poplar trees were exposed to TNT over 48 hours. General patterns, as well as significant downregulated and upregulated genes were studied. We identified several new genes that were implicated in the detoxification and metabolism of TNT by Populus. In particular, our results support the "green liver" model of different gene families being expressed during the time course experiments. This suggests an alignment with Phase I transformation, Phase II conjugation, and Phase III compartmentation processes. Many of the genes identified in this study were related to those significantly expressed in previous Arabidopsis studies, supporting the comparison between these two plants. Gene families represented as significant in this study were glucosyltransferases, glycosyltransferases, cytochromes, and phosphofructokinases. We saw patterns in the areas of respiration, citric acid cycle, shikimatic pathway, and toxic responses.Abstract Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________

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Identification of Metabolic Routes and Catabolic Enzymes Involved in Phytoremediation of the Nitro- Substituted Explosives TNT, RDX, and HMX

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Heavy metals and woody plants - biotechnologies for phytoremediation

Heavy metals and woody plants - biotechnologies for phytoremediation

Ecotoxicogenomic evaluation of hybrid poplar tree phytoremediation of nitro-substituted explosives

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