Identification of mediator complex 26 (Crsp7) gametologs on platypus X1 and Y5 sex chromosomes: a candidate testis-determining gene in monotremes?

Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal; Kortschak, R. Daniel; Bernard, Pascal; Lim, Seng Han; Ryan, Janelle; Rosenkranz, Ruben; Borodina, Tatiana; Dohm, Juliane C.; Himmelbauer, Heinz; Harley, Vincent R.; Grützner, Frank

doi:10.1007/s10577-011-9270-z

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The most likely candidate regulating gonad and potentially brain sexual differentiation in these species is anti-Mullerian hormone ( Amh ) that resides on the shortest and oldest platypus Y5 chromosome (Cortez et al, 2014 ). Another potential candidate is complex protein gametologs on platypus Y5 ( Crspy ), which is exclusively expressed in the testis and kidneys of males (Tsend-Ayush et al, 2012 ). There is also a variant on the X1 chromosome ( Crspx ).…”

Section: Prototherian Mammals (Monotremes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Sexual Differentiation and Requirement of SRY: Why or Why Not?

Rosenfeld

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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Brain sexual differentiation is orchestrated by precise coordination of sex steroid hormones. In some species, programming of select male brain regions is dependent upon aromatization of testosterone to estrogen. In mammals, these hormones surge during the organizational and activational periods that occur during perinatal development and adulthood, respectively. In various fish and reptiles, incubation temperature during a critical embryonic period results in male or female sexual differentiation, but this can be overridden in males by early exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Testes development in mammals requires a Y chromosome and testis determining gene SRY (in humans)/Sry (all other therian mammals), although there are notable exceptions. Two species of spiny rats: Amami spiny rat (Tokudaia osimensis) and Tokunoshima spiny rat (Tokudaia tokunoshimensis) and two species of mole voles (Ellobius lutescens and Ellobius tancrei), lack a Y chromosome/Sry and possess an XO chromosome system in both sexes. Such rodent species, prototherians (monotremes, who also lack Sry), and fish and reptile species that demonstrate temperature sex determination (TSD) seemingly call into question the requirement of Sry for brain sexual differentiation. This review will consider brain regions expressing SRY/Sry in humans and rodents, respectively, and potential roles of SRY/Sry in the brain will be discussed. The evidence from various taxa disputing the requirement of Sry for brain sexual differentiation in mammals (therians and prototherians) and certain fish and reptilian species will be examined. A comparative approach to address this question may elucidate other genes, pathways, and epigenetic modifications stimulating brain sexual differentiation in vertebrate species, including humans.

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Section: Prototherian Mammals (Monotremes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Sexual Differentiation and Requirement of SRY: Why or Why Not?

Rosenfeld

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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“…7B). Theory suggests that selection will favor an increase in the frequency of any new SD allele that is linked to a sexually antagonistic allele (e.g., new male determining allele and a male beneficial allele) and will lead the new SD allele to spread to fixation, resulting in the disappearance of the previous sex determiner (van Doorn and Kirkpatrick, 2007). There is anecdotal support for this from cichlids (Roberts et al, 2009).…”

Section: Why Do Sex Chromosomes Turn Over?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above-mentioned theoretical models on the transition between sex determination systems involving the turnover of sex chromosomes can be tested by means of studies on closely related species (van Doorn and Kirkpatrick, 2007). In cases where ancestral and derived sex chromosomes coexist in a species, the species will provide an excellent opportunity to test theoretical models that explain why and how sex chromosomes turn over (Roberts et al, 2009).…”

Section: Why Do Sex Chromosomes Turn Over?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new sex determiner (red allele) can be a pre-existing allele or one arising by de novo mutations. B: Sexually antagonistic selection facilitates the turnover (van Doorn and Kirkpatrick, 2007). The alleles beneficial to one sex and disadvantageous for the other (male beneficial (MB) allele shown in blue) may be widely distributed across the genome.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel sex‐determining genes in fish and sex chromosome evolution

Kikuchi

Hamaguchi

2013

Developmental Dynamics

232

203

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Although the molecular mechanisms underlying many developmental events are conserved across vertebrate taxa, the lability at the top of the sex-determining (SD) cascade has been evident from the fact that four master SD genes have been identified: mammalian Sry; chicken DMRT1; medaka Dmy; and Xenopus laevis DM-W. This diversity is thought to be associated with the turnover of sex chromosomes, which is likely to be more frequent in fishes and other poikilotherms than in therian mammals and birds. Recently, four novel candidates for vertebrate SD genes were reported, all of them in fishes. These include amhy in the Patagonian pejerrey, Gsdf in Oryzias luzonensis, Amhr2 in fugu and sdY in rainbow trout. These studies provide a good opportunity to infer patterns from the seemingly chaotic picture of sex determination systems. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the master SD genes in fishes.

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“…The X 1 homologue (CRSPX) and the Y 5 (CRSPY) homologue are diverged with different expression levels in adult testis. However, neither activated mouse Sox9 in a reporter assay [Tsend-Ayush et al, 2012]. The hunt for the monotreme sex determining gene continues focusing on the tiny Y 5 of platypus, which is the smallest and most degraded Y, so it is probably the oldest and most original.…”

Section: Monotreme Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Marsupial and Monotreme Chromosomes

Deakin

Graves

Rens

2012

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Marsupial and monotreme mammals fill an important gap in vertebrate phylogeny between reptile-mammal divergence 310 million years ago (mya) and the eutherian (placental) mammal radiation 105 mya. They possess many unique features including their distinctive chromosomes, which in marsupials are typically very large and well conserved between species. In contrast, monotreme genomes are divided into several large chromosomes and many smaller chromosomes, with a complicated sex chromosome system that forms a translocation chain in male meiosis. The application of molecular cytogenetic techniques has greatly advanced our understanding of the evolution of marsupial chromosomes and allowed the reconstruction of the ancestral marsupial karyotype. Chromosome painting and gene mapping have played a vital role in piecing together the puzzle of monotreme karyotypes, particularly their complicated sex chromosome system. Here, we discuss the significant insight into karyotype evolution afforded by the combination of recently sequenced marsupial and monotreme genomes with cytogenetic analysis, which has provided a greater understanding of the events that have shaped not only marsupial and monotreme genomes, but the genomes of all mammals.

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Identification of mediator complex 26 (Crsp7) gametologs on platypus X1 and Y5 sex chromosomes: a candidate testis-determining gene in monotremes?

Abstract: The basal lineage of monotremes features an extraordinarily complex sex chromosome system which has provided novel insights into the evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes. Recently, sequence information from autosomes, X chromosomes, and

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Brain Sexual Differentiation and Requirement of SRY: Why or Why Not?

Brain Sexual Differentiation and Requirement of SRY: Why or Why Not?

Novel sex‐determining genes in fish and sex chromosome evolution

The Evolution of Marsupial and Monotreme Chromosomes

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