Identification of measles virus genotypes from recent outbreaks in countries from the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Djebbi, A.; Bahri, Olfa; Mokhtari‐Azad, Talat; Alkhatib, Mouna; Yahia, Ahlem Ben; Rezig, Dorra; Mohsni, Ezzeddine; Triki, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.11.026

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Two different measles genotypes have been reported from 2002-May 2010 in Iran [7]. Genotype D4 was considered as the indigenous genotype before mass vaccination [8], [9] and genotype H1 as imported genotype from distant parts of Asia [7]. According to the new measles elimination strategy of the WHO, Iran aimed to eliminate MV by 2015 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a National Measles Elimination Program in Iran: Phylogenetic Analysis of Measles Virus Strains Isolated during 2010–2012 Outbreaks

et al. 2014

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Measles virus (MV) causes small and large outbreaks in Iran. Molecular assays allow identifying and the sources of measles imported from neighboring countries. We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of measles virus circulating in Iran over the period 2010–2012. Specimens from suspected cases of measles were collected from different regions of Iran. Virus isolation was performed on urine and throat swabs. Partial nucleoprotein gene segments of MV were amplified by RT-PCR. PCR products of 173 samples were sequenced and analyzed. The median age of confirmed cases was 2 years. Among all confirmed cases, 32% had unknown vaccination status, 20% had been vaccinated, and 48% had not been vaccinated. Genotypes B3 and D8 (for the first time), H1 and D4 were detected mainly in unvaccinated toddlers and young children. Genotype B3 became predominant in 2012 and was closely related to African strains. H1 strains were also found in small and large outbreaks during 2012 but were not identical to Iranian H1-2009 strains. A majority of the Iranian D4 strains during 2010–2012 outbreaks were linked to the D4 strain identified in the Pakistan in 2007. We identified a single case in 2010 belonging to D8 genotype with 99.7% identity to Indian isolates. Although the vaccination program is currently good enough to prevent nationwide epidemics and successfully decreased measles incidence in Iran, the fraction of protected individuals in the population was not high enough to prevent continuous introduction of cases from abroad. Due to increasing number of susceptible individuals in some areas, sustained transmission of the newly introduced viral genotype remains possible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a National Measles Elimination Program in Iran: Phylogenetic Analysis of Measles Virus Strains Isolated during 2010–2012 Outbreaks

et al. 2014

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“…The current resurgence of measles in Europe [1], SouthEast Europe [2] and the Eastern Mediterranean [3][4][5], has put Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPD) control in the spotlight. WHO EURO's shift of its regional goal for measles and rubella elimination from 2010 to 2015 [6], is emblematic of the failure to meet expected results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant's access to immunization in Mediterranean Countries

Riccardo¹,

Dente²,

Kojouharova³

et al. 2012

Health Policy

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“…The subtype B3.1 circulates in central Africa extending to Sudan [Hanses et al, 1999;El Mubarak et al, 2002;Kouomou et al, 2002]. This subtype has recently been reported in northern Africa [Djebbi et al, 2005]. On the other hand, subtype B3.2 has mainly been restricted to western Africa [Kouomou et al, 2002;Mulders et al, 2003], with some imported cases in Europe [Kouomou et al, 2002;Santibanez et al, 2002].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rapid diversification of measles virus genotypes circulating in Morocco during 2004–2005 epidemics

Alla¹,

Waku‐Kouomou²,

Benjouad³

et al. 2006

J. Med. Virol.

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Measles virus strains circulating in six different regions in Morocco during 2004-2005 were analysed. They were genotyped using two different methods: the recently developed method based on real-time PCR amplification and melting curve analyses, and the conventional method based on nucleic acid sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 456 nucleotides of the 3'-region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene sequence. Five genotypes (A, B3.2, C2, D7 and D8) were shown to be circulating during this period. Previous studies on measles virus genotypes in Morocco (1998-2003) showed that only the genotype C2 was present and was considered to be endemic. Sequence comparison of the 2004-2005 viruses with other measles strains suggests that measles strains belonging to genotype B3.2 were probably imported from West Africa, whereas those belonging to genotypes D7 and D8 were imported from Europe. These studies which identify the route of importation of measles are important for developing strategies for measles elimination in Morocco.

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Identification of measles virus genotypes from recent outbreaks in countries from the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Implementation of a National Measles Elimination Program in Iran: Phylogenetic Analysis of Measles Virus Strains Isolated during 2010–2012 Outbreaks

Implementation of a National Measles Elimination Program in Iran: Phylogenetic Analysis of Measles Virus Strains Isolated during 2010–2012 Outbreaks

Migrant's access to immunization in Mediterranean Countries

Rapid diversification of measles virus genotypes circulating in Morocco during 2004–2005 epidemics

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