Identification of Major Proteins of a Very Stable High Molecular Mass Multi-Protein Complex of Human Placental Tissue Possessing Nine Different Catalytic Activities

Burkova, Evgeniya E.; Dmitrenok, Pavel S.; Bulgakov, Dmitry V.; Ermakov, Evgeny A.; Buneva, Valentina N.; Soboleva, Svetlana E.; Nevinsky, Georgy A.

doi:10.4172/2161-1009.1000351

Cited by 5 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Milk is more than a source of nutrients and vitamins for newborn [99]; it contains different proteins and protein complexes [100] with very diverse functions. Milk is a biological liquid containing vesicles of different size and shapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Exosomes: Isolation, Biochemistry, Morphology, and Perspectives of Use

Sedykh¹,

Burkova²,

Purvinsh³

et al. 2020

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Importance in Human Health

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Cells of the multicellular organisms communicate with each other in many different ways, among which extracellular vesicles play a unique role. Almost all cell types secrete vesicles into the extracellular space and deliver their contents to recipient cells. Today, one of the groups of extracellular vesicles that is of particular interest for studying is exosomes-membrane vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm. Exosomes are secreted by cells and found in various biological fluids-blood, tears, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and milk. Exosomes provide not only targeted delivery of molecular signals to recipient cells but also carry unique markers, which makes them a promising substrate in diagnostic studies, primarily due to their small RNA and protein contents. The milk of cows, horses, humans, and other mammals is a unique source of exosomes since these organisms can produce liters of milk per day, which is much higher than the volume of exosomes produced in cell culture fluid or blood plasma. Unfortunately, milk exosomes are currently much less studied than exosomes of blood or culture fluid. This review examines the methods of the isolation, biochemical analysis (composition of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids), morphology, and prospects for the use of milk exosomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Exosomes: Isolation, Biochemistry, Morphology, and Perspectives of Use

Sedykh¹,

Burkova²,

Purvinsh³

et al. 2020

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Importance in Human Health

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“…Different biological fluids contain various high molecular weight aggregates of multiple proteins co-isolated with exosomes under different centrifugations. Human placenta was shown to contain an extremely stable multiprotein complex (~1000 kDa), with sizes comparable to exosomes [ 64 ]. This complex possesses nine different catalytic activities: DNase, RNase, ATPase, phosphatase, protease, amylase, catalase, peroxidase (H 2 O 2 -dependent), and oxidoreductase (H 2 O 2 -independent).…”

Section: Methods Of Exosome Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Placenta Exosomes: Biogenesis, Isolation, Composition, and Prospects for Use in Diagnostics

Burkova

Sedykh

Nevinsky

2021

IJMS

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Exosomes are 40–100 nm nanovesicles participating in intercellular communication and transferring various bioactive proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids. During pregnancy, the placenta releases exosomes into the maternal circulation. Placental exosomes are detected in the maternal blood even in the first trimester of pregnancy and their numbers increase significantly by the end of pregnancy. Exosomes are necessary for the normal functioning of the placenta and fetal development. Effects of exosomes on target cells depend not only on their concentration but also on their intrinsic components. The biochemical composition of the placental exosomes may cause various complications of pregnancy. Some studies relate the changes in the composition of nanovesicles to placental dysfunction. Isolation of placental exosomes from the blood of pregnant women and the study of protein, lipid, and nucleic composition can lead to the development of methods for early diagnosis of pregnancy pathologies. This review describes the biogenesis of exosomes, methods of their isolation, analyzes their biochemical composition, and considers the prospects for using exosomes to diagnose pregnancy pathologies.

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“…The possibility of the existence of multi-protein complexes in the soluble fraction of a homogenate of human milk [ 9 ], placenta [ 10 , 11 ], and eggs of sea urchins [ 12 ] was recently analyzed. The extremely stable complexes of different proteins (≈1000 ± 100 kDa) were isolated from milk, placentas, and eggs of sea urchins by FPLC gel filtration [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. These three protein complexes were stable in the presence of MgCl 2 and NaCl in high concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These three protein complexes were stable in the presence of MgCl 2 and NaCl in high concentrations. All complexes were dissociated only in the presence of 8 M urea + 1.0–3.0 M NaCl, or MgCl 2 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In the case of the placentas, milk, and eggs of sea urchins, the stable complexes, according to SDS-PAGE, contain several, yet different proteins having molecular masses (MMs) from 14 to 79.3 kDa [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All complexes were dissociated only in the presence of 8 M urea + 1.0–3.0 M NaCl, or MgCl 2 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In the case of the placentas, milk, and eggs of sea urchins, the stable complexes, according to SDS-PAGE, contain several, yet different proteins having molecular masses (MMs) from 14 to 79.3 kDa [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. It was shown that placenta SPCs contain twelve proteins: hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, cytoplasmic actin, human serum albumin, chorionic somatomammotropin hormone, heat shock protein beta-1, peroxiredoxin-1, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, protein disulfide isomerase A3, serotransferrin, annexin A5, and IgGs [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Very Stable Two Mega Dalton High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex from Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix

et al. 2021

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In contrast to many human organs, only the human liver can self-regenerate, to some degree. Some marine echinoderms are convenient objects for studying the processes of regenerations of organs and tissues. For example, sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix can completely restore within several weeks, the internal organs and the whole body after their division into two or three parts. Therefore, these cucumbers are a very convenient model for studying the general mechanisms of regeneration. However, there is no literature data yet on which biomolecules of these cucumbers can stimulate the regeneration of organs and the whole-body processes. Studying the mechanisms of restoration is very important for modern biology and medicine, since it can help researchers to understand which proteins, enzymes, hormones, or possible complexes can play an essential role in regeneration. This work is the first to analyze the possible content of very stable protein complexes in sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix. It has been shown that their organisms contain a very stable multiprotein complex of about 2000 kDa. This complex contains 15 proteins with molecular masses (MMs) >10 kDa and 21 small proteins and peptides with MMs 2.0–8.6 kDa. It is effectively destroyed only in the presence of 3.0 M MgCl2 and, to a lesser extent, 3.0 M NaCl, while the best dissociation occurs in the presence of 8.0 M urea + 0.1 M EDTA. Our data indicate that forming a very stable proteins complex occurs due to the combination of bridges formed by metal ions, electrostatic contacts, and hydrogen bonds.

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Identification of Major Proteins of a Very Stable High Molecular Mass Multi-Protein Complex of Human Placental Tissue Possessing Nine Different Catalytic Activities

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Milk Exosomes: Isolation, Biochemistry, Morphology, and Perspectives of Use

Milk Exosomes: Isolation, Biochemistry, Morphology, and Perspectives of Use

Human Placenta Exosomes: Biogenesis, Isolation, Composition, and Prospects for Use in Diagnostics

Very Stable Two Mega Dalton High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex from Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix

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