Identification of lead compounds in urban air

Chemical speciation of lead compounds in street dusts

“…Olson and Skogerboe (7) reported its presence in one soil sample but did not explain the source. Both PbS04 and PbS04-(NH4)2S04 are present in street air polluted by automotive lead compounds (14), being formed by the atmospheric reaction of PbBrCl with acid and neutral sulfates, respectively (15). By far the major lead compound in the atmosphere was found to be PbS04-(NH4)2S04, and its presence in two street dust samples must be reflective of freshly deposited atmospheric particles.…”

Enrichments of zinc, lead, and copper in recent sediments of Windermere, England

“…Recent work on the composition of lead aerosols over N.W. England has identified the dominant compounds (e.g., (NH4)2S04-PbS04) as being relatively soluble (34). Therefore, in the absence of an efficient scavenging mechanism, much of the Pb associated with atmospheric input may be lost from the lake system.…”

Sources, lability and solubility of Pb in alluvial soils of the River Trent catchment, U.K.

“…Sequential extraction experiments on road dust yielded 40-50% Pb with exchangeable nature and easily mobilisable under environmental conditions (Bäckström et al, 2004;Kumar et al, 2010). Biggins and Harrison (1978) identified PbSO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 as the dominant Pb-bearing species in atmospheric particulates collected next to a major road in Lancaster (UK). This is an intermediate compound formed by the reaction of car exhaust-emitted halides (PbBrCl) with atmospheric ammonia and acid sulphates (Biggins and Harrison, 1978).…”

“…Biggins and Harrison (1978) identified PbSO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 as the dominant Pb-bearing species in atmospheric particulates collected next to a major road in Lancaster (UK). This is an intermediate compound formed by the reaction of car exhaust-emitted halides (PbBrCl) with atmospheric ammonia and acid sulphates (Biggins and Harrison, 1978). The exposure and water leaching of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 PbSO 4 produces PbSO 4 , the main Pb compound in street dust and soils (Biggins and Harrison, 1980;Cao et al, 2008) and could contribute to the labile pool as it weathers.…”