Identification of isethionic acid and other small molecule metabolites of Fragilariopsis cylindrus with nuclear magnetic resonance

Boroujerdi, Arezue; Lee, Peter A.; DiTullio, Giacomo R.; Janech, Michael G.; Vied, Sarah; Bearden, Daniel W.

doi:10.1007/s00216-012-6169-2

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although this is not a direct measure of DMSP concentrations as a proportion of total bioavailable organic sulfur in phytoplankton cells, it serves as a proxy for that value. For example, diatom cells typically contain low %DMSP-C but synthesize sulfonates and other alternate organic sulfur compounds (Benson and Lee, 1972;Weinitschke et al, 2006;Merzouk et al, 2008;Boroujerdi et al, 2012;Durham et al, 2014). Accordingly, DMSP-sulfur typically makes up only B6% of the sulfur in diatom cells, but B40% in dinoflagellate cells (Park et al, 2014).…”

Section: Does the Sulfur Demand Hypothesis Fit?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate

et al. 2015

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The 'bacterial switch' is a proposed regulatory point in the global sulfur cycle that routes dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to two fundamentally different fates in seawater through genes encoding either the cleavage or demethylation pathway, and affects the flux of volatile sulfur from ocean surface waters to the atmosphere. Yet which ecological or physiological factors might control the bacterial switch remains a topic of considerable debate. Here we report the first field observations of dynamic changes in expression of DMSP pathway genes by a single marine bacterial species in its natural environment. Detection of taxon-specific gene expression in Roseobacter species HTCC2255 during a month-long deployment of an autonomous ocean sensor in Monterey Bay, CA captured in situ regulation of the first gene in each DMSP pathway (dddP and dmdA) that corresponded with shifts in the taxonomy of the phytoplankton community. Expression of the demethylation pathway was relatively greater during a high-DMSP-producing dinoflagellate bloom, and expression of the cleavage pathway was greater in the presence of a mixed diatom and dinoflagellate community. These field data fit the prevailing hypothesis for bacterial DMSP gene regulation based on bacterial sulfur demand, but also suggest a modification involving oxidative stress response, evidenced as upregulation of catalase via katG, when DMSP is demethylated.

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Section: Does the Sulfur Demand Hypothesis Fit?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate

et al. 2015

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“…, Boroujerdi et al. ). In our study, intracellular GBT concentrations at normal seawater salinity (Table ) exceeded the values previously reported for DMSP in F. cylindrus (Lyon et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Boroujerdi et al. ). Many studies have examined the role of DMSP in algal assemblages, including in sea ice where the algal use of DMSP as an osmo‐ and cryoprotectant is well known (Kirst et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Plants and microorganisms in general accumulate a wide range of organic compatible solutes that can serve numerous functions in the cell, but are mainly known to act as osmolytes maintaining positive turgor pressure and stabilizing protein structure in water-stressed environments (Yancey et al 1982). Polar marine diatoms produce some major sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compatible solutes that include, respectively, DMSP and isethionic acid (Lyon et al 2011, Boroujerdi et al 2012) and proline and GBT (Krell et al 2007, Boroujerdi et al 2012. Many studies have examined the role of DMSP in algal assemblages, including in sea ice where the algal use of DMSP as an osmo-and cryoprotectant is well known (Kirst et al 1991, Lyon et al 2016.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms¹

Torstensson

Young

Carlson

et al. 2019

Journal of Phycology

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Wide salinity ranges experienced during the seasonal freeze and melt of sea ice likely constrain many biological processes. Microorganisms generally protect against fluctuating salinities through the uptake, production, and release of compatible solutes. Little is known, however, about the use or fate of glycine betaine (GBT hereafter), one of the most common compatible solutes, in sea‐ice diatoms confronted with shifts in salinity. We quantified intracellular concentrations and used [14C]‐labeled compounds to track the uptake and fate of the nitrogen‐containing osmolyte GBT and its precursor choline in three Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms Nitzschia lecointei, Navicula cf. perminuta, and Fragilariopsis cylindrus at −1°C. Experiments show that these diatoms have effective transporters for GBT, but take up lesser amounts of choline. Neither compound was respired. Uptake of GBT protected cells against hyperosmotic shock and corresponded with reduced production of extracellular polysaccharides in N. lecointei cells, which released 85% of the retained GBT following hypoosmotic shock. The ability of sea‐ice diatoms to rapidly scavenge and release compatible solutes is likely an important strategy for survival during steep fluctuations in salinity. The release and recycling of compatible solutes may play an important role in algal–bacterial interactions and nitrogen cycling within the semi‐enclosed brines of sea ice.

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“…In eukaryotic phytoplankton, these include proline, glycine betaine (GBT), dimethylsulfonium propionate (DMSP), homarine, and isethionic acid (Boroujerdi et al, 2012). There are potentially important roles for B 12 , B 1 , methionine, SAM, and nitrogen metabolism in osmolyte production that likely result in interactive biochemical effects.…”

Section: Potential B12 and B1 Metabolic Interactions With Nitrogen Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vitamin B auxotrophy on nitrogen metabolism in eukaryotic phytoplankton

Bertrand¹,

Allen²

2012

Front. Microbio.

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While nitrogen availability is known to limit primary production in large parts of the ocean, vitamin starvation amongst eukaryotic phytoplankton is becoming increasingly recognized as an oceanographically relevant phenomenon. Cobalamin (B12) and thiamine (B1) auxotrophy are widespread throughout eukaryotic phytoplankton, with over 50% of cultured isolates requiring B12 and 20% requiring B1. The frequency of vitamin auxotrophy in harmful algal bloom species is even higher. Instances of colimitation between nitrogen and B vitamins have been observed in marine environments, and interactions between these nutrients have been shown to impact phytoplankton species composition. This review surveys available data, including relevant gene expression patterns, to evaluate the potential for interactive effects of nitrogen and vitamin B12 and B1 starvation in eukaryotic phytoplankton. B12 plays essential roles in amino acid and one-carbon metabolism, while B1 is important for primary carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and likely useful as an anti-oxidant. Here we will focus on three potential metabolic interconnections between vitamin, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism that may have ramifications for the role of vitamin and nitrogen scarcities in driving ocean productivity and species composition. These include: (1) B12, B1, and N starvation impacts on osmolyte and antioxidant production, (2) B12 and B1 starvation impacts on polyamine biosynthesis, and (3) influence of B12 and B1 starvation on the diatom urea cycle and amino acid recycling through impacts on the citric acid cycle. We evaluate evidence for these interconnections and identify oceanographic contexts in which each may impact rates of primary production and phytoplankton community composition. Major implications include that B12 and B1 deprivation may impair the ability of phytoplankton to recover from nitrogen starvation and that changes in vitamin and nitrogen availability may synergistically impact harmful algal bloom formation.

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Identification of isethionic acid and other small molecule metabolites of Fragilariopsis cylindrus with nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate

Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate

Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms¹

Influence of vitamin B auxotrophy on nitrogen metabolism in eukaryotic phytoplankton

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Identification of isethionic acid and other small molecule metabolites of Fragilariopsis cylindrus with nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate

Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate

Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms1

Influence of vitamin B auxotrophy on nitrogen metabolism in eukaryotic phytoplankton

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Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms¹