Identification of immune‐enhanced molecular subtype associated with BRCA1 mutations, immune checkpoints and clinical outcome in ovarian carcinoma

Abstract

Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality among the malignant tumours in gynaecology, and new treatment strategies are urgently needed to improve the clinical status of ovarian carcinoma patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were performed to explore the immune function of the internal environment of tumours and its clinical correlation with ovarian carcinoma. Finally, four molecular subtypes were obtained based on the global immune‐related genes. The correlation analysis and clinical characteristics showed that four subtypes were all significantly related to clinical stage; the immune scoring results indicated that most immune signatures were upregulated in C3 subtype, and the majority of tumour‐infiltrating immune cells were upregulated in both C3 and C4 subtypes. Compared with other subtypes, C3 subtype had a higher BRCA1 mutation, higher expression of immune checkpoints, and optimal survival prognosis. These findings of the immunological microenvironment in tumours may provide new ideas for developing immunotherapeutic strategies for ovarian carcinoma.

A Methylation-Based Reclassification of Bladder Cancer Based on Immune Cell Genes

“…A study divided triple-negative breast cancer into three subgroups based on immune profiling [ 83 ]: the immunity-high group had the most HLA genes with higher expression, the immunity-mid had medium expression, and the immunity-low group had HLA genes with lower expression. Similarly, the immunity-high group also had high MIC class I, Type I IFN response, Type II IFN response, and APC [ 29 , 83 , 84 ]. However, the immunity-low group had MIC class I and APC with a lower expression [ 29 , 83 , 84 ].…”

“…Similarly, the immunity-high group also had high MIC class I, Type I IFN response, Type II IFN response, and APC [ 29 , 83 , 84 ]. However, the immunity-low group had MIC class I and APC with a lower expression [ 29 , 83 , 84 ]. In the present study, as shown in Figure 5 , we found the same as the above studies.…”

“…Thirdly, high immune infiltration may be one of the factors. Several previous studies reported high immune infiltration with high LD-1(PDCD1) expression [ 29 , 83 , 84 ]. Similarly, another study reported that tumoral B7-H3 (CD276) overexpression was correlated with high tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes [ 87 ].…”

“…Similarly, another study reported that tumoral B7-H3 (CD276) overexpression was correlated with high tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic lymphocytes [ 87 ]. Two articles showed PDCD1, CD274, PDCD1LG2, CD86, CTLA4, and CD80 overexpression in the subtype with high immune infiltration [ 29 , 84 ].…”

“…Immune cells were compared among subgroups using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Apart from this, immune checkpoints were selected from previous studies [ 29 , 84 ] in order to compare them among the subtypes. Then, the Kruskal–Wallis test was performed.…”