Identification of Igf2, Igfbp2 and Enpp2 as Estrogen-Responsive Genes in Rat Hippocampus

Takeo, Chikari; Ikeda, Kazuhiro; Horie‐Inoue, Kuniko; Inoue, Satoshi

doi:10.1507/endocrj.k08e-220

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…It is noteworthy that E2 activates the transcription of seventeen ECM genes including four proteoglycans. Both Igf2 and Igfbp2 were found to respond to E2 in the hippocampus of young OVX rats (76).…”

Section: Insulin-like Growth Factor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Hippocampal Gene Expression Is Highly Responsive to Estradiol Replacement in Middle-Aged Female Rats

et al. 2015

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In the hippocampus, estrogens are powerful modulators of neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. In women, menopause is associated with increased risk of memory disturbances, which can be attenuated by timely estrogen therapy. In animal models of menopause, 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement improves hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Here, we explored the effect of E2 replacement on hippocampal gene expression in a rat menopause model. Middle-aged ovariectomized female rats were treated continuously for 29 days with E2, and then, the hippocampal transcriptome was investigated with Affymetrix expression arrays. Microarray data were analyzed by Bioconductor packages and web-based softwares, and verified with quantitative PCR. At standard fold change selection criterion, 156 genes responded to E2. All alterations but 4 were transcriptional activation. Robust activation (fold change > 10) occurred in the case of transthyretin, klotho, claudin 2, prolactin receptor, ectodin, coagulation factor V, Igf2, Igfbp2, and sodium/sulfate symporter. Classification of the 156 genes revealed major groups, including signaling (35 genes), metabolism (31 genes), extracellular matrix (17 genes), and transcription (16 genes). We selected 33 genes for further studies, and all changes were confirmed by real-time PCR. The results suggest that E2 promotes retinoid, growth factor, homeoprotein, neurohormone, and neurotransmitter signaling, changes metabolism, extracellular matrix composition, and transcription, and induces protective mechanisms via genomic effects. We propose that these mechanisms contribute to effects of E2 on neurogenesis, neural plasticity, and memory functions. Our findings provide further support for the rationale to develop safe estrogen receptor ligands for the maintenance of cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Insulin-like Growth Factor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Hippocampal Gene Expression Is Highly Responsive to Estradiol Replacement in Middle-Aged Female Rats

et al. 2015

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“…Which molecules are involved in the regulation of ATX gene expression is an unresolved question. In that regard, steroids may play a role as autotaxin gene expression was upregulated in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats upon treatment with estrogen [40]. Intake of oral contraceptives was associated with increased serum ATX levels in healthy female individuals [Kremer et al, in preparation].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Pathogenesis and Management of Pruritus in Cholestasis

Kremer

Bolier

Dijk

et al. 2014

Dig Dis

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Chronic pruritus is a burdensome feature of numerous hepatobiliary disorders such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, inherited forms of cholestasis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Bile salts, μ-opioids, serotonin, histamine and steroids have been controversially discussed in the pathogenesis of cholestatic pruritus. However, for these substances neither a correlation with itch severity nor a causative link has ever been established. Recent findings indicate that the potent neuronal activator lysophosphatidic acid and autotaxin, the enzyme forming lysophosphatidic acid, may play a key element in the pathogenesis of cholestatic pruritus. Serum activity of autotaxin correlated with itch intensity and response to antipruritic treatment in patients with cholestatic pruritus, but not other forms of pruritus. Autotaxin activity thereby represents the first biomarker for pruritus and had a positive predictive value of 70% in differentiating cholestatic pruritus from other forms of pruritus. Treatment options for patients with cholestatic pruritus include the anion exchange resin colestyramine, the PXR agonist rifampicin, the μ-opioid antagonist naltrexone, and the serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline. These drugs are recommended by evidence-based guidelines as a stepwise therapeutic approach. Patients unresponsive to these drugs should be referred to specialized centers to receive experimental approaches such as UVB phototherapy, albumin dialysis, plasmapheresis or nasobiliary drainage. This review discusses pruritogen candidates in cholestasis, gives novel insights into the neuronal signaling pathway of pruritus and summarizes evidence-based treatment options for patients suffering from pruritus in cholestasis.

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“…Igfbp2 expression was reported to be upregulated by estrogen treatment in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rat models (14,15). Additionally, estrogen treatment increases the production of IGFBP-2 in cultured cartilage cells (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Igfbp2 Deletion in Ovariectomized Mice Enhances Energy Expenditure but Accelerates Bone Loss

DeMambro

Guntur

et al. 2015

Endocrinology

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Previously, we reported sexually dimorphic bone mass and body composition phenotypes in Igfbp2(-/-) mice (-/-), where male mice exhibited decreased bone and increased fat mass, whereas female mice displayed increased bone but no changes in fat mass. To investigate the interaction between IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and estrogen, we subjected Igfbp2 -/- and +/+ female mice to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery at 8 weeks of age. At 20 weeks of age, mice underwent metabolic cage analysis and insulin tolerance tests before killing. At harvest, femurs were collected for microcomputed tomography, serum for protein levels, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) adipose depots for histology, gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration analysis of whole tissue. In +/+ mice, serum IGFBP-2 dropped 30% with OVX. In the absence of IGFBP-2, OVX had no effect on preformed BAT; however, there was significant "browning" of the IWAT depot coinciding with less weight gain, increased insulin sensitivity, lower intraabdominal fat, and increased bone loss due to higher resorption and lower formation. Likewise, after OVX, energy expenditure, physical activity and BAT mitochondrial respiration were decreased less in the OVX-/- compared with OVX+/+. Mitochondrial respiration of IWAT was reduced in OVX+/+ yet remained unchanged in OVX-/- mice. These changes were associated with significant increases in Fgf21 and Foxc2 expression, 2 proteins known for their insulin sensitizing and browning of WAT effects. We conclude that estrogen deficiency has a profound effect on body and bone composition in the absence of IGFBP-2 and may be related to changes in fibroblast growth factor 21.

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Identification of Igf2, Igfbp2 and Enpp2 as Estrogen-Responsive Genes in Rat Hippocampus

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Hippocampal Gene Expression Is Highly Responsive to Estradiol Replacement in Middle-Aged Female Rats

Hippocampal Gene Expression Is Highly Responsive to Estradiol Replacement in Middle-Aged Female Rats

Advances in Pathogenesis and Management of Pruritus in Cholestasis

Igfbp2 Deletion in Ovariectomized Mice Enhances Energy Expenditure but Accelerates Bone Loss

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