Identification of ICD codes suggestive of child maltreatment

Schnitzer, Patricia G.; Slusher, Paula; Kruse, Robin L.; Tarleton, Molly M.

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.06.008

Cited by 91 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The codes were drawn from a list compiled for a Centers for Disease Control study of the utility of ICD-9 CM codes for improving child maltreatment surveillance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2002; Schnitzer et al 2004;Schnitzer et al 2005) and were calculated as rates per 1,000 children by age group for the same census block groups used in the parent survey and the neighborhood observations. These data were also provided by ORS and were available for the time period in which the parent survey was conducted and the neighborhood observations were made.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Validation of an Observational Scale of Neighborhood Characteristics

McDonell

Waters

2010

Soc Indic Res

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Validation of an Observational Scale of Neighborhood Characteristics

McDonell

Waters

2010

Soc Indic Res

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“…4,11,19 Hospital discharge data has been used to describe trends in hospitalizations of infants with traumatic brain injury, 9 track deaths related to child abuse, 10 and establish the incidence of conditions resulting from intentional injury such as abdominal trauma 23 and fractures. 12 Hospital discharge data have been proposed for use in a system to monitor the incidence of inflicted traumatic brain injury over time 11 and to monitor trends in serious physical abuse as a means to evaluate effects of prevention programs. 4,19 Hospital discharge databases using ICD-9 codes allow the use of E-codes for assault to better identify cases of inflicted injury and injury severity scoring to judge the seriousness of the child' s abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardized hospital discharge data represent an attractive surveillance mechanism for abuse serious enough to require inpatient medical attention. 4,11 Appreciating the value of multiple sources of data in evaluating trends, this study uses nationally representative hospital discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to examine trends in the hospitalization of young children for injury from abuse between the years of 1997 and 2009. We test the hypothesis that trends in injury from abuse serious enough to require hospitalization have decreased over time.…”

Section: E1796mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Hospitalization Rates and Severity of Injuries From Abuse in Young Children, 1997–2009

Farst

Ambadwar²,

King³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVES: To examine trends in incidence of hospitalizations for injury from abuse in young children from 1997 through 2009 and to examine injury severity trends. METHODS: Cases were identified in the National Inpatient Sample database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for child maltreatment and external cause of injury for assault in children aged 0 through 3 years. Incidence was calculated by age, gender, and region. Trends in incidence of hospitalization and injury severity were calculated over time. RESULTS: Hospitalization rates for injury from abuse showed no significant change over the study period, ranging from a low of 2.10 per 10 000 children in 1998 to a high of 3.01 per 10 000 children in 2005 (P = .755). Children aged <1 had significantly higher hospitalization rates for injury from abuse (6.01 vs 1.12, P <.001) and higher mean injury severity scores compared with children aged 1 to 3 years (12.50, SD = 0.14 vs 8.56, SD = 0.21, P <.001). Injury severity scores increased significantly over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: No significant change in hospitalization rates for injury from abuse among young children was observed from 1997 to 2009. These results coincide with other reports of stable or modestly increasing rates of serious physical abuse or death in young children but not with reports from child welfare data showing declines in physical abuse during the same period. Diverse sources of data may provide important complementary methods to track child abuse.

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“…The codes were highly specific (90%, 20/22; personal communication, Gilbert), similar to findings from validation studies in the US and Australia. [12]–[14] Comparisons of rates and risk factors for these maltreatment-related codes in different countries have shown consistent results. [10], [11] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Risk of Maltreatment-Related Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study of Children under Five Years Old Admitted to Hospital with a Head or Neck Injury or Fracture

Lee¹,

González-Izquierdo²,

Gilbert

2012

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesTo determine the predictive value and sensitivity of demographic features and injuries (indicators) for maltreatment-related codes in hospital discharge records of children admitted with a head or neck injury or fracture.MethodsStudy design: Population-based, cross sectional study. Setting: NHS hospitals in England. Subjects: Children under five years old admitted acutely to hospital with head or neck injury or fracture. Data source: Hospital Episodes Statistics, 1997 to 2009. Main outcome measure: Maltreatment-related injury admissions, defined by ICD10 codes, were used to calculate for each indicator (demographic feature and/or type of injury): i) the predictive value (proportion of injury admissions that were maltreatment-related); ii) sensitivity (proportion of all maltreatment-related injury admissions with the indicator).ResultsOf 260,294 childhood admissions for fracture or head or neck injury, 3.2% (8,337) were maltreatment-related. With increasing age of the child, the predictive value for maltreatment-related injury declined but sensitivity increased. Half of the maltreatment-related admissions occurred in children older than one year, and 63% occurred in children with head injuries without fractures or intracranial injury.ConclusionsHighly predictive injuries accounted for very few maltreatment-related admissions. Protocols that focus on high-risk injuries may miss the majority of maltreated children.

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Identification of ICD codes suggestive of child maltreatment

Cited by 91 publications

References 33 publications

Construction and Validation of an Observational Scale of Neighborhood Characteristics

Construction and Validation of an Observational Scale of Neighborhood Characteristics

Trends in Hospitalization Rates and Severity of Injuries From Abuse in Young Children, 1997–2009

Risk of Maltreatment-Related Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study of Children under Five Years Old Admitted to Hospital with a Head or Neck Injury or Fracture

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