Identification of Xanthomonas vasicola (formerly X. campestris pv. musacearum), causative organism of banana xanthomonas wilt, in Tanzania, Kenya and Burundi

Carter, B. A.; Reeder, Robert W.; Mgenzi, S. R. B.; Kinyua, Zakary M.; Mbaka, J.; Doyle, Kelly; Nakato, V.; Mwangi, M.; Beed, Fen D.; Aritua, V.; Ivey, Melanie L. Lewis; Miller, Sally A.; Smith, J. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02124.x

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…musacearum (Xcm). XW, first reported in Ethiopia in 1968 (Yirgou & Bradbury, , ), is currently present in Uganda (Tushemereirwe et al ., ), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Ndungo et al ., ), Rwanda (Reeder et al ., ), Tanzania (Carter et al ., ), Kenya (Mbaka et al ., ; Carter et al ., ) and Burundi (Carter et al ., ). The disease causes up to 100% yield loss once established and is thus a serious threat to food and income security of banana farmers (Kagezi et al ., ; Tushemereirwe et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Ocimati¹,

Ssekiwoko

Karamura³

et al. 2012

Plant Pathology

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Banana xanthomonas wilt (XW) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) attacks all banana cultivars. Xcm in inflorescence-infected Pisang Awak plants with wilting male bud bracts is restricted to the upper parts of the true stem; therefore, cutting these plants at the pseudostem base has been recommended to prevent further Xcm spread. In order to fine-tune existing control strategies, this study examined the movement of Xcm into plants and mats, in relation to disease incubation period. Mature Pisang Awak and East African highland (AAA-EA) plants were inoculated with Xcm through abscission wounds of female bracts, male bud bracts, male flowers, a combination of male bud bracts and flowers, and by cutting male buds with a contaminated machete. Thirty plants per genotype and treatment were monitored for 24 months for disease symptoms. An additional 68 AAA-EA and 33 Pisang Awak plants were sampled weekly to assess the rate of Xcm spread within the plants. All floral entry points resulted in disease, with the highest incidence in combined male bract and male flower abscission wound inoculations. The study confirmed the systemicity of Xcm, with the pathogen able to live within the mat for long periods (5-16 months) without causing disease. Reliance on disease symptom expression to manage XW is therefore not sufficient. The long incubation period in lateral shoots may explain the current resurgence of the disease in locations where the disease was thought to have been successfully eradicated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Ocimati¹,

Ssekiwoko

Karamura³

et al. 2012

Plant Pathology

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“…Ominously, one and a half decades later, a major epidemic of this disease was reported in Uganda [4]. Subsequently it has spread into many banana-growing regions around the Great Lakes in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi [4,5,6,7]. Efforts are underway to tackle this pathogen by a number of different measures including cultural practices [8] and genetic modification of the crop [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Sequencing Reveals Two Major Sub-Lineages in the Genetically Monomorphic Pathogen Xanthomonas Campestris Pathovar Musacearum

Wasukira

Tayebwa

Thwaites

et al. 2012

Genes

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The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pathovar musacearum (Xcm) is the causal agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW). This disease has devastated economies based on banana and plantain crops (Musa species) in East Africa. Here we use genome-wide sequencing to discover a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among East African isolates of Xcm. These SNPs have potential as molecular markers for phylogeographic studies of the epidemiology and spread of the pathogen. Our analysis reveals two major sub-lineages of the pathogen, suggesting that the current outbreaks of BXW on Musa species in the region may have more than one introductory event, perhaps from Ethiopia. Also, based on comparisons of genome-wide sequence data from multiple isolates of Xcm and multiple strains of X. vasicola pathovar vasculorum, we identify genes specific to Xcm that could be used to specifically detect Xcm by PCR-based methods.

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“…The recent arrival of BXW is a serious threat to banana production. (Tushemereirwe et al 2003;Mbaka et al 2009;Carter et al 2010). …”

Section: Trends Developments Ongoing Changementioning

confidence: 97%

Case studies of Roots, Tubers and Bananas seed systems

Andrade-Piedra¹,

Bentley²,

Almekinders³

et al. 2016

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RTB Working PaperPublished by the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) RTB is a broad alliance of research-for-development stakeholders and partners. Our shared purpose is to exploit the potential of root, tuber, and banana crops for improving nutrition and food security, increasing income generation, and fostering greater gender equity-especially amongst the world's poorest and most vulnerable populations.The RTB Working Paper Series is intended to disseminate research and practices about production and utilization of roots, tubers, and bananas and to encourage debate and exchange of ideas. The views expressed in the papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position of RTB.Contact:

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Identification of Xanthomonas vasicola (formerly X. campestris pv. musacearum), causative organism of banana xanthomonas wilt, in Tanzania, Kenya and Burundi

Abstract: Identification of Xanthomonas vasicola (formerly X. campestris pv. musacearum), causative organism of banana xanthomonas wilt,

Cited by 63 publications

References 2 publications

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and time to disease expression after inflorescence infection in East African highland and Pisang Awak bananas in Uganda

Genome-Wide Sequencing Reveals Two Major Sub-Lineages in the Genetically Monomorphic Pathogen Xanthomonas Campestris Pathovar Musacearum

Case studies of Roots, Tubers and Bananas seed systems

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