Identification ofDermacentorreticulatusTicks CarryingRickettsiaraoultiion Migrating Jackal, Denmark

Klitgaard, Kirstine; Chriél, Mariann; Isbrand, Anastasia; Jensen, Tim Kåre; Bødker, René

doi:10.3201/eid2312.170919

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Also in France, new locations expand the documented distribution area of D. reticulatus. René-Martellet et al (2015) published the first findings on the Mediterranean island (Kjaer et al 2019), although 21 adult male D. reticulatus were found on a migrating Golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Denmark (Klitgaard et al 2017). However, this seems to be a rare case of diversion rather than an indication for a new established occurrence area of D. reticulatus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

et al. 2020

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The two ixodid tick species Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) and Dermacentor silvarum Olenev occur at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia, within the belt of 34−60 • N latitude. Whilst the distribution area of D. reticulatus extends from the Atlantic coast of Portugal to Western Siberia, that of D. silvarum extends from Western Siberia to the Pacific coast. In Western Siberia, the distribution areas of the two Dermacentor species overlap. Although the two tick species are important vectors of disease, detailed information concerning the entire distribution area, climate adaptation, and proven vector competence is still missing. A dataset was compiled, resulting in 2188 georeferenced D. reticulatus and 522 D. silvarum locations. Up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and climate adaptation of the two Dermacentor species are presented. To investigate the climate adaptation of the two tick species, the georeferenced locations were superimposed on a high-resolution map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The frequency distribution of D. reticulatus under different climates shows two major peaks related to the following climates: warm temperate with precipitation all year round (57%) and boreal with precipitation all year round (40%). The frequency distribution of D. silvarum shows also two major peaks related to boreal climates with precipitation all year round (30%) and boreal winter dry climates (60%). Dermacentor silvarum seems to be rather flexible concerning summer temperatures, which can range from cool to hot. In climates with cool summers D. reticulatus does not occur, it prefers warm and to a lesser extent hot summers. Lists are given in this paper for cases of proven vector competence for various agents of both Dermacentor species. For the first time, the entire distribution areas of D. reticulatus and D. silvarum were mapped using georeferenced data. Their climate adaptations were quantified by Köppen profiles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2019 ), although 21 adult male D. reticulatus were found on a migrating Golden jackal ( Canis aureus ) in Denmark (Klitgaard et al. 2017 ). However, this seems to be a rare case of diversion rather than an indication for a new established occurrence area of D. reticulatus .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

et al. 2020

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“…On each chip, we included one negative water control as well as Escherichia coli primers and probes for internal inhibition control 4 . The Fluidigm real-time PCR method has been validated through several studies 4 , 22 , 28 , 73 – 75 .…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of pathogen prevalence in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia, 2016

Kjær

Klitgaard

Soleng

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Tick-borne pathogens cause diseases in animals and humans, and tick-borne disease incidence is increasing in many parts of the world. There is a need to assess the distribution of tick-borne pathogens and identify potential risk areas. We collected 29,440 tick nymphs from 50 sites in Scandinavia from August to September, 2016. We tested ticks in a real-time PCR chip, screening for 19 vector-associated pathogens. We analysed spatial patterns, mapped the prevalence of each pathogen and used machine learning algorithms and environmental variables to develop predictive prevalence models. All 50 sites had a pool prevalence of at least 33% for one or more pathogens, the most prevalent being Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii, Rickettsia helvetica, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis. There were large differences in pathogen prevalence between sites, but we identified only limited geographical clustering. The prevalence models performed poorly, with only models for R. helvetica and N. mikurensis having moderate predictive power (normalized RMSE from 0.74–0.75, R2 from 0.43–0.48). The poor performance of the majority of our prevalence models suggest that the used environmental and climatic variables alone do not explain pathogen prevalence patterns in Scandinavia, although previously the same variables successfully predicted spatial patterns of ticks in the same area.

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“…We used primers for bacterial and parasitic tick-borne pathogens previously identified in the most common tick species, I. ricinus , from Scandinavia, and also included common tick-borne pathogens found throughout Europe 5 . To screen for different tick species, we used primers for I. ricinus , I. persulcatus , and D. reticulatus; tick species observed in various regions of Scandinavia 43 , 44 . All pathogens targeted in the PCR assays are listed in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Fluidigm real-time PCR method has been validated through numerous studies, particularly studies pertaining to tick pathogens 5 , 11 , 22 , 23 , 43 , 45 .…”

Section: Technical Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial data of Ixodes ricinus instar abundance and nymph pathogen prevalence, Scandinavia, 2016–2017

et al. 2020

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ticks carry pathogens that can cause disease in both animals and humans, and there is a need to monitor the distribution and abundance of ticks and the pathogens they carry to pinpoint potential high risk areas for tick-borne disease transmission. In a joint Scandinavian study, we measured Ixodes ricinus instar abundance at 159 sites in southern Scandinavia in August-September, 2016, and collected 29,440 tick nymphs at 50 of these sites. We additionally measured abundance at 30 sites in August-September, 2017. We tested the 29,440 tick nymphs in pools of 10 in a Fluidigm real-time PCR chip to screen for 17 different tick-associated pathogens, 2 pathogen groups and 3 tick species. We present data on the geolocation, habitat type and instar abundance of the surveyed sites, as well as presence/absence of each pathogen in all analysed pools from the 50 collection sites and individual prevalence for each site. these data can be used alone or in combination with other data for predictive modelling and mapping of high-risk areas.

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Identification ofDermacentorreticulatusTicks CarryingRickettsiaraoultiion Migrating Jackal, Denmark

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

Spatial patterns of pathogen prevalence in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia, 2016

Spatial data of Ixodes ricinus instar abundance and nymph pathogen prevalence, Scandinavia, 2016–2017

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