Identification of human calculi with time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Abstract

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to study four human calculi and to compare the results with those from twelve commercially available urinary calculi minerals including three organic compounds (L-cystine, uric acid and sodium urate). Phase identification of calcium phosphate compounds was carried out by considering the relative ion abundances of [Ca(2)O](+) and [CaPO(2)](+). Deprotonated [M-H](-) and protonated [M+H](+) uric acid were detected and used for component recognition in pure uric acid and in the mixed samples of struvite, calcium oxalate and uric acid. Iodine related to the medical history of a patient was also detected.

Components of Urinary Crystallites in 56 Cases of Patients with Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Stones

“…The incidence of infectious stones is accounted for 10% to 15% in urinary calculi [13], in which females are more affected than males. The most common alkaline stones are MAP•6H 2 O (struvite) and newberyite, as well as carbonate apatite, ammonium acid urate and HAP.…”

Relationship between Components of urinary crystallites and Formation of Calcium Oxalate Stones---An Investigation of 275 Cases of Patients with Calcium Oxalate Stones

“…UA can serve as a nidus to induce the generation, precipitation, and aggregation of CaOx crystals [17]. In addition, UA crystals, which are better than mucoproteins (a glycoprotein) and cell debris as a nucleating agent, can induce the development of COM as a heterogeneous nucleating agent [18]. Therefore, CaOx stone formation is closely related with hyperuricosuria [19].…”

A Review of Pathological Biomineral Analysis Techniques and Classification Schemes

“…Currently, chemical analysis of the stones are still practiced but with other methods such as Xray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) or more advanced methods such as SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) (Ghumman et al, 2010).…”