Identification of Horse Exploitation by Clovis Hunters Based on Protein Analysis

Kooyman, Brian; Newman, Margaret E.; Cluney, Christine; Lobb, Murray; Tolman, Shayne; McNeil, Paul; Hills, L. V.

doi:10.2307/2694181

Cited by 79 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A radiocarbon age of 10,980 ± 80 14 ] is used to date the markers. Not mentioned, however, is that this radiocarbon age was from an extinct musk ox at Wally's Beach (53). The fossil yielding the supposed impact markers was not dated, nor is there is evidence to suggest that the fossils from Wally's Beach are all of the same age: in fact, a horse fossil at this same site yielded an age of 11,330 ± 70 14 C yrs B.P.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fossil yielding the supposed impact markers was not dated, nor is there is evidence to suggest that the fossils from Wally's Beach are all of the same age: in fact, a horse fossil at this same site yielded an age of 11,330 ± 70 14 C yrs B.P. (53), predating the Younger Dryas onset by several centuries. Most important, the fossil bone date may be irrelevant: the critical yet unknown age is when sediment filled the cranium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronological evidence fails to support claim of an isochronous widespread layer of cosmic impact indicators dated to 12,800 years ago

Meltzer

Holliday

Cannon³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance A key element underpinning the controversial hypothesis of a widely destructive extraterrestrial impact at the onset of the Younger Dryas is the claim that 29 sites across four continents yield impact indicators all dated to 12,800 ± 150 years ago. This claim can be rejected: only three of those sites are dated to this window of time. At the remainder, the supposed impact markers are undated or significantly older or younger than 12,800 years ago. Either there were many more impacts than supposed, including one as recently as 5 centuries ago, or, far more likely, these are not extraterrestrial impact markers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronological evidence fails to support claim of an isochronous widespread layer of cosmic impact indicators dated to 12,800 years ago

Meltzer

Holliday

Cannon³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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show abstract

“…However, with a few exceptions (e.g., Mammuthus, Cervalces, Castoroides, and Megalonyx), such dates are few and far between. The AMS dates on unpurified bone collagen, however, are more common (38,39) and generally considered reliable for building the extinction chronology. This study includes AMS dates on the bone collagen of extinct North American mammals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous extinction of North America's Pleistocene mammals

Faith

Surovell

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

108

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The late Pleistocene witnessed the extinction of 35 genera of North American mammals. The last appearance dates of 16 of these genera securely fall between 12,000 and 10,000 radiocarbon years ago (Ϸ13,800 -11,400 calendar years B.P.), although whether the absence of fossil occurrences for the remaining 19 genera from this time interval is the result of sampling error or temporally staggered extinctions is unclear. Analysis of the chronology of extinctions suggests that sampling error can explain the absence of terminal Pleistocene last appearance dates for the remaining 19 genera. The extinction chronology of North American Pleistocene mammals therefore can be characterized as a synchronous event that took place 12,000 -10,000 radiocarbon years B.P. Results favor an extinction mechanism that is capable of wiping out up to 35 genera across a continent in a geologic instant.climate change ͉ extraterrestrial impact ͉ overkill ͉ Quaternary extinctions ͉ radiocarbon dates

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“…Horses as game animals have been documented in association with preArchaic populations in North America. Protein residue analysis of Clovis points from southwestern Alberta, Canada, indicates utilisation of horses (Equus conversidens) for meat prior to extinction of this animal from the continent at around 10,000 BP (Kooyman et al, 2001). There is no evidence of horses (for consumption or means of transportation) at the Windover site, but the population consists of a large number of subadults (approximately 52% of the total population) and preservation is exceptional, enabling an assessment of Schmorl's node frequencies in young individuals.…”

Section: Life On Horsebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on horseback: palaeopathology of two Scythian skeletons from Alexandropol, Ukraine

Wentz

Grummond

2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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In 2006, two skeletons were analysed that were previously excavated from the periphery of a Scythian burial mound, near the village of Alexandropol in southern Ukraine. Dated to ca. 325 BC, both remains are male. The first is that of a youth in his late teens who exhibits indications of biological stress and degenerative changes to the spine in the form of a Schmorl's node. The second is a middle-aged individual with extensive healed lesions due to trauma to the right humerus and clavicle with associated bony changes of the elbow and spine. Stable isotope analyses indicate a diet based on C3 plants. Their skeletons suggest a rigorous life on horseback. Both may have served as sacrificial victims. Historical records document the strangulation of attendants and their placement around the periphery of royal burial mounds. Grave goods suggest that both were warriors, although the youth lacks the traumatic injuries exhibited by the older male. The individuals from Alexandropol may have served a Scythian king in life and in death.

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Identification of Horse Exploitation by Clovis Hunters Based on Protein Analysis

Cited by 79 publications

References 8 publications

Chronological evidence fails to support claim of an isochronous widespread layer of cosmic impact indicators dated to 12,800 years ago

Chronological evidence fails to support claim of an isochronous widespread layer of cosmic impact indicators dated to 12,800 years ago

Synchronous extinction of North America's Pleistocene mammals

Life on horseback: palaeopathology of two Scythian skeletons from Alexandropol, Ukraine

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