Identification of Handwritten Complex Mathematical Equations

Abstract

The mathematical notation is well known and used throughout the world. Humanity has evolved from simple methods to represent accounts to the current formal notation capable of modeling complex problems. In addition, mathematical equations are a universal language in the scientific world, and many resources such as science and engineering technology, medical field also not an exception containing mathematics have been created during the last decades. However, to efficiently access all that information, scientific documents must be digitized or produced directly in electronic formats. Although most people are able to understand and produce mathematical information, introducing mathematical equations into electronic devices requires learning special notations or using editors. The proposed methodology is focused on developing a method to recognize intricate handwritten mathematical equations. For pre-processing, Gray conversion and Weiner filtering are used. Segmentation is performed using the morphological operations, which increase the efficiency of the subsequent image of equation. Finally Neural Network based template matching technique is used to recognize the image of handwritten mathematical equation.

Propaganda and Strategic / Social Communications: Features of Distinction and Actualization of Definition

“…Partial, within these types, identification [7,8] of propaganda with strategic communications occurs in the works of N. Ivanova, O. Palyvoda, V. Strohyi, V. Koval. M. Zakirov highlighted the role of strategic communications in the modern world, V. Medvedieva described strategic communications in providing scientific support of library and information activities, V. Palchuk studied the place of public libraries in development of strategic communications at the regional level, L. Chupryna demonstrated the features of information and analytical support of strategic communications, S. Kulytskyi concerned with the problems of analytical activities of the library as a means of identification, verification and positioning of strategic communications of the national economy.…”