Identification of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological samples from Alberta Oil-Sands Region

Xia, Zhe; Idowu, Ifeoluwa; Märvin, Chris H.; Thomas, Philippe J.; Johnson, Wesley A.; Francisco, Olga; Stetefeld, Jörg; Crimmins, Bernard S.; Fry, Mark; Tomy, Gregg T.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.050

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, Brunet et al ( 2020 ) found greater concentrations of total PAHs in fish captured in Cold Lake compared to fish caught in the Athabasca and Slave Rivers and, similar to “comparable locations,” increased the lifetime cancer risk from 1 in 10 000 to 1 in 100 000 in humans consuming these tissues (Brunet et al, 2020 ). Halogenated organics have also been detected in organisms collected from Saline Lake, Burnt Lakes, and Lac La Biche (Xia et al, 2019 ). A potential causal relationship with oil sands development was not examined, and there are no consumption guidelines for these halogenated compounds.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the ecological status of lakes and rivers from Canada's oil sands region

Arciszewski

Hazewinkel

Dubé

2021

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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We synthesize the information available from the peer‐reviewed literature on the ecological status of lakes and rivers in the oil sands region (OSR) of Canada. The majority of the research from the OSR has been performed in or near the minable region and examines the concentrations, flux, or enrichment of contaminants of concern (CoCs). Proximity to oil sands facilities and the beginning of commercial activities tend to be associated with greater estimates of CoCs across studies. Research suggests the higher measurements of CoCs are typically associated with wind‐blown dust, but other sources also contribute. Exploratory analyses further suggest relationships with facility production and fuel use data. Exceedances of environmental quality guidelines for CoCs are also reported in lake sediments, but there are no indications of toxicity including those within the areas of the greatest atmospheric deposition. Instead, primary production has increased in most lakes over time. Spatial differences are observed in streams, but causal relationships with industrial activity are often confounded by substantial natural influences. Despite this, there may be signals associated with site preparation for new mines, potential persistent differences, and a potential effect of petroleum coke used as fuel on some indices of health in fish captured in the Steepbank River. There is also evidence of improvements in the ecological condition of some rivers. Despite the volume of material available, much of the work remains temporally, spatially, or technically isolated. Overcoming the isolation of studies would enhance the utility of information available for the region, but additional recommendations for improving monitoring can be made, such as a shift to site‐specific analyses in streams and further use of industry‐reported data. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:361–387. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the ecological status of lakes and rivers from Canada's oil sands region

Arciszewski

Hazewinkel

Dubé

2021

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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“…To increase biomagnification, the rate of uptake and storage of environmental pollutants such as PAHs must be greater than the rate of excretion or metabolism. Therefore, when the amount of PAHs in a particular species increases, it may indicate that the concentration of PAHs has increased or the metabolism of PAHs has decreased (Xia et al, 2019). PAHs usually attach to the bottom sediments of aquatic ecosystems due to their hydrophobicity.…”

Section: Teratogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polar PAHs have higher mutagenicity than homocyclic PAHs and have more mutagenic effects on living organisms (Idowu et al, 2019). Polar PAHs are more reactive and toxic than homocyclic PAHs, and their higher solubility in water can cause greater biological significance (Achten & Andersson, 2015;Alves et al, 2016;Xia et al, 2019). Heterocyclic PAHs with oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms in their structure are more toxic than homocyclic PAHs (Brinkmann et al, 2014;W.…”

Section: Mutagenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutagenic and genotoxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on health: Mechanisms and Risk assessment

Zahed

Salehi²,

Tanhaie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain a large group of chemical compounds that have two or more aromatic rings in their structure. These materials are produced from the incomplete burning of organic materials (such as oil, coal, wood, etc.). Natural and human activities have caused these substances to widely enter the human life cycle and affect the body’s health and functioning. After entering the body, these substances accumulate in the lungs, brain, and fat tissue, therefore, due to the high-fat mass in women, this group is more vulnerable to PAH. With the increased concentration of many of these substances in the body, problems such as genetic toxicity, carcinogenesis and mutagenesis occur. In addition to a general look at these damages, specifically how the mutagenesis process and its effects on the body are examined in detail. PAHs can become more active metabolites (BP-7-trans-dihydrodiol, benzo [a] pyrene diol-epoxide) bind to DNA, and cause mutations in DNA strands by producing ROS. PAHs produce harmful metabolites by regulating the activity of xenobiotic pathway enzymes (cytochrome P450, epoxide hydrolase, and peroxidases). For all the above, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of their effect on the body. Due to the importance of this issue, detailed and comprehensive information is not available in sufficient quantity in this case, thus, in this research, it has been mentioned in detail and at the end of their risk assessment, it has also been examined.

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“…Moreover, the toxic equivalents of chlorinated PAHs have been estimated to be 30-50 times higher than those of dioxins. The ubiquitous incidence of Cl/Br-PAHs in air, soil, drinking water, and biota has been reported (Liu et al 2020), (Xia et al 2019). Cl/Br-PAHs have even been detected in environmental matrices in the remote and sparsely populated Tibetan plateau (Jin et al 2020a), indicating the need to reduce their source emissions and corresponding ecological and health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Significant Emission of Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Secondary Zinc Smelting

Yang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl/Br-PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants, and controlling their adverse effects requires the identification of their sources. However, current knowledge on the formations of Cl/Br-PAHs is far insufficient for source control, much less on their formation mechanisms. In this field study, we firstly discovered secondary zinc smelting as a significant source of Cl/Br-PAHs. The mean concentration of Cl/Br-PAHs emitted in stack gas from secondary zinc smelting was 9,553 ng/m3, exceeding concentrations from other metal smelting sources by one or two orders of magnitude. Cl/Br-PAHs with fewer rings were the dominant congeners in stack gas from secondary zinc smelting and secondary copper smelting. However, emissions from secondary aluminum smelting were dominated by congeners with more rings. The differences in congener profiles were attributable to the catalytic effects of metal compounds during smelting activities. Zinc oxide and copper oxide dominantly catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions, contributing to the formation of intermediate radicals and subsequent dimerization to Cl/Br-PAHs with fewer rings. Aluminum oxide induced alkylation reactions and accelerated ring growth, resulting in the formation of Cl-PAHs with more rings. The newly proposed mechanisms can successfully explain the emission characteristics of Cl/Br-PAHs during smelting activities and the higher concentrations of Cl/Br-PAHs from secondary zinc smelting, which should be useful in targeted source control.

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Identification of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological samples from Alberta Oil-Sands Region

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

A critical review of the ecological status of lakes and rivers from Canada's oil sands region

A critical review of the ecological status of lakes and rivers from Canada's oil sands region

Mutagenic and genotoxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on health: Mechanisms and Risk assessment

Discovery of Significant Emission of Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Secondary Zinc Smelting

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