Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States

Ma, Wenjun; Vincent, Amy L.; Gramer, Marie; Brockwell, Christy B.; Lager, Kelly M.; Janke, Bruce H.; Gauger, Phillip C.; Patnayak, Devi P.; Webby, Richard J.; Richt, Jürgen A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0710286104

Cited by 197 publications

(196 citation statements)

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“…Segments of the "triple reassortant internal gene" (TRIG) cassette were acquired from swine, avian, and human influenza A lineages [1]. Occasional reassortants have emerged in swine with novel surface glycoproteins with the TRIG [5,7]. Five of the six gene segments which encode internal proteins in the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus were derived from this North American TRIG lineage [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with NS1-truncated H3N2 swine influenza virus primes T cells and confers cross-protection against an H1N1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs

Kappes

Sandbulte

Platt

et al. 2012

Vaccine

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The diversity of contemporary swine influenza virus (SIV) strains impedes effective immunization of swine herds. Mucosally delivered, attenuated virus vaccines are one approach with potential to provide broad crossprotection. Reverse genetics-derived H3N2 SIV virus with truncated NS1 (NS1Δ126 TX98) is attenuated and immunogenic when delivered intranasally in young pigs. We analyzed T-cell priming and cross-protective efficacy in weanling piglets after intranasal inoculation with NS1Δ126 TX98 versus wild type TX98. In vivo replication of the truncation mutant was minimal compared to the wild type virus. T-cell responses were greater in magnitude in pigs infected with the wild type virus in in vitro restimulation assays. According to the expression of activation marker CD25, peripheral T cell recall responses in NS1Δ126 TX98 infected pigs were minimal. However, intracellular IFN-γ data indicate that the attenuated virus induced virus-specific CD4 + CD8 -, CD4 + CD8 + , CD4 -CD8 + , and γδ T cells within 28 days. The IFN-γ response appeared to contract, as responses were reduced at later time points prior to challenge. CD4 + CD8 + cells isolated 5 days after heterosubtypic H1N1 challenge (day 70 overall) showed an elevated CD25 response to virus restimulation. Pigs previously infected with wild type TX98 were protected from replication of the H1N1 challenge virus. Vaccination with NS1Δ126 TX98 was associated with significantly lower levels of Th1-associated cytokines in infected lungs but provided partial cross-protection against the H1N1 challenge. These results demonstrate that NS1Δ SIV vaccines can elicit cell-mediated cross-protection against antigenically divergent strains. The diversity of contemporary swine influenza virus (SIV) strains impedes effective immunization of swine herds. Mucosally delivered, attenuated virus vaccines are one approach with potential to provide broad cross-protection. Reverse genetics-derived H3N2 SIV virus with truncated NS1 (NS1 126 TX98) is attenuated and immunogenic when delivered intranasally in young pigs. We analyzed T-cell priming and cross-protective efficacy in weanling piglets after intranasal inoculation with NS1 126 TX98 versus wild type TX98. In vivo replication of the truncation mutant was minimal compared to the wild type virus. T-cell responses were greater in magnitude in pigs infected with the wild type virus in in vitro restimulation assays. According to the expression of activation marker CD25, peripheral T cell recall responses in NS1 126 TX98 infected pigs were minimal. However, intracellular IFN-␥ data indicate that the attenuated virus induced virus-specific CD4 + CD8 -, CD4 + CD8 + , CD4 -CD8 + , and ␥␦ T cells within 28 days. The IFN-␥ response appeared to contract, as responses were reduced at later time points prior to challenge. CD4 + CD8 + cells isolated 5 days after heterosubtypic H1N1 challenge (day 70 overall) showed an elevated CD25 response to virus restimulation. Pigs previously infected with wild type TX98 were protected from replicatio...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with NS1-truncated H3N2 swine influenza virus primes T cells and confers cross-protection against an H1N1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs

Kappes

Sandbulte

Platt

et al. 2012

Vaccine

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“…This may be of particular relevance to the evolution of human-to-human transmissible avian influenza, as suggested by genetic analyses in which both avian and swine influenza viral elements can be detected in farm workers (Gray et al, 2007;Ma et al, 2007), as well as in strains from human outbreaks, including 1918 strain (Vana and Westover, 2008).…”

Section: Modern Industrial Food Animal Productionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Industrial Food Animal Production and Global Health Risks: Exploring the Ecosystems and Economics of Avian Influenza

et al. 2009

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Many emerging infectious diseases in human populations are associated with zoonotic origins.Attention has often focused on wild animal reservoirs, but most zoonotic pathogens of recent concern to human health either originate in, or are transferred to, human populations from domesticated animals raised for human consumption. Thus, the ecological context of emerging infectious disease comprises two overlapping ecosystems: the natural habitats and populations of wild animals, and the anthropogenically controlled habitats and populations of domesticated species. Intensive food animal production systems and their associated value chains dominate in developed countries and are increasingly important in developing countries. These systems are characterized by large numbers of animals being raised in confinement with high throughput and rapid turnover. Although not typically recognized as such, industrial food animal production generates unique ecosystems-environments that may facilitate the evolution of zoonotic pathogens and their transmission to human populations. It is often assumed that confined food animal production reduces risks of emerging zoonotic diseases. This article provides evidence suggesting that these industrial systems may increase animal and public health risks unless there is recognition of the specific biosecurity and biocontainment challenges of the industrial model. Moreover, the economic drivers and constraints faced by the industry and its participants must be fully understood in order to inform preventative policy. In order to more effectively reduce zoonotic disease risk from industrial food animal production, private incentives for the implementation of biosecurity must align with public health interests.

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“…Swine influenza is known to be caused by the influenza A subtypes H1N1 (Shin et al, 2006), H1N2 (Shin et al, 2006), H3N1 (Shin et al, 2006), H3N2 (Ma et al, 2007), and H2N 3 (Ma et al, 2007). In pigs, three influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2) are the most common strains worldwide (Ma et al, 2007).…”

Section: Influenza Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pigs, three influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2) are the most common strains worldwide (Ma et al, 2007). In the United States, the H1N1 subtype was exclusively prevalent among the swine populations before 1998; however, since late August 1998, H3N2 subtypes have been isolated from the pigs.…”

Section: Influenza Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Homology modelling and insilico analysis of neuraminidase protein in H1N1 Influenza A virus

Manohar

2011

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States

Cited by 197 publications

References 36 publications

Vaccination with NS1-truncated H3N2 swine influenza virus primes T cells and confers cross-protection against an H1N1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs

Vaccination with NS1-truncated H3N2 swine influenza virus primes T cells and confers cross-protection against an H1N1 heterosubtypic challenge in pigs

Industrial Food Animal Production and Global Health Risks: Exploring the Ecosystems and Economics of Avian Influenza

Homology modelling and insilico analysis of neuraminidase protein in H1N1 Influenza A virus

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