Identification of gunshot residue: a critical review

Romolo, Francesco Saverio; Margot, Pierre

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00428-x

Cited by 304 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…When a firearm is used, these residues can be detected close to the firearm (such as the shooter's hand or the gunshot entrance wound when the shot is fired at short distance) or within the tissues if the projectile has perforated them [1][2][3][4]. Over the years, several studies have been performed on the detection of GSR on many types of materials and by various methods, in order to give an unambiguous definition of "gunshot residues" and to evaluate which procedures are the most reliable for their recognition and analysis [5,6]. At the state of the art, only the association between lead (Pb), barium (Ba), and antimony (Sb) is considered as unique for GSR particles, while other associations (like Pb-Ba, Pb-Sb, and Sb-Ba) are considered only as characteristic GSR particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The survival of metallic residues from gunshot wounds in cremated bone: a SEM–EDX study

et al. 2012

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The research and analysis of gunshot residues has a relevant role in the examination of gunshot wounds. Nevertheless, very little literature exists concerning gunshot wounds on charred material. In this study, 16 adult bovine ribs (eight still with soft tissues and eight totally skeletonized) underwent a shooting test with two types of projectiles (9 mm full metal-jacketed bullet and 9 mm unjacketed bullet). Each rib then underwent a charring process in an electric oven, reaching the stage of complete calcination at 800°C. The area of each entrance wound was analyzed before and after the carbonization process via a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). In each sample, metallic residues composed of lead, barium, and antimony were found. These metallic residues were thus preserved also after exposure to the extremely high temperatures reached within the oven, especially with unjacketed bullets, although the particles seem to be more irregular in shape as a result of the heating process. In conclusion, this study proved that gunshot residues survive extremely high temperatures and can be detected via SEM/EDX even in cases of charred tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The survival of metallic residues from gunshot wounds in cremated bone: a SEM–EDX study

et al. 2012

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“…Tiro-aztarnak (gunshot residue, GSR) arma kliskatu bezain azkar eta munizioaren errekuntza prozesuaren ondorioz sortutako partikula sorta da [71,72]. Krimen agertokian tiro-aztarnak osatzen dituzten konposatuen detekzioak eta identifikazioak su-armen erabileraren ebidentzia fidagarria eskaintzen du.…”

Section: Tiro-aztarnen Identifikazioaunclassified

Laser bidezko ablazioaren egungo egoera eta aplikazioak

Grijalba¹,

Claverie²,

Donard³

et al. 2017

EKAIA

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Laburpena: 80ko hamarkadaz geroztik, laser bidezko ablazioa eta akoplamendu induktibozko plasma-masa espektrometria (LA-ICPMS) konbinatzen dituen teknika analitikoa sakonki ikertu eta garatu da, eta, gaur egun, lagin solidoen analisi elemental zein isotopiko zuzena egiteko erreferentziazko teknika bilakatu da. Ezaugarri bereizgarrienak hauexek dira: erabilpen erraza, analisi-denbora laburra, laginari eragindako kalte urriak, sentsibilitate handia eta elementu nagusi zein minoritarioen eta ratio isotopikoen aldibereko neurketa ahalbidetzen duen tarte dinamiko zabala. Lan honetan, LA-ICPMS teknikaren oinarriak eta konfigurazio orokorra azaldu eta femtosegundo/ nanosegundo laser bidezko ablazioaren erabileraren arteko desberdintasun nagusiak nabarmentzen dira. Azkenik, teknika honen egungo egoeraz jabetzeko, jatorri askotariko laginen analisi elementala laburbildu eta berrikusten da biologian eta ingurumenean, osasunean, geokimikan zein auzitegi zientzien alorretan.Hitz gakoak: Laser bidezko ablazioa (LA), akoplamendu induktibozko plasma-masa espektrometria (ICPMS), femtosegundo, nanosegundo, lagin solidoen analisi zuzena. Abstract:Since the early 80s, laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) has been widely explored and nowadays is considered to be one of the most versatile analytical techniques for the direct trace elemental and isotopic analyses of solid samples. The most remarkable features are ease of use, fast sample throughput, limited sample damages, high sensitivity and wide dynamic range which allows the simultaneous acquisition of major and trace elements, as well as the meas-EKAIA 31.indd 45 EKAIA 31.indd 45

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“…reação de rodizonato de sódio e teste de Griess (detecta íon nitrito) [15][16][17] . O teste do rodizonato de sódio (RS) baseia-se na detecção de chumbo em complexação com RS, que por consequência e característica do meio formará uma coloração azul-violeta ou até mesmo vermelho-rosado [18][19][20] . Os testes colorimétricos são mais utilizados para detecção rápida do suspeito e trajetória de disparo, necessitando de confirmação posterior por métodos de maior sensibilidade, quando o acesso aos equipamentos for disponível.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aplicação Forense do Iodeto de Potássio: Um Novo Método Colorimétrico para Identificação de Resíduos de Disparos de Armas de Fogo

Freitas¹,

Carraro²,

Bonini³

et al. 2017

BJFS

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Resumo. Um dos processos mais comuns na análise pericial é a identificação de resíduos de armas de fogo. Atualmente, existem métodos super avançados para este procedimento, porém, é sabido que muitas localidades não possuem condições financeiras de adquirir estes equipamentos. O teste de triagem de suspeitos é realizado normalmente por ensaios de Griess e com rodizonato de sódio, entretanto, este último apresenta alguns inconvenientes como estabilidade baixa, custo mediano, interação com o teste de Griess e preparo dependente de outros reagentes. O presente estudo desenvolveu um novo método para identificação de chumbo, com menor custo, maior estabilidade e facilidade de preparo e que permite o teste posterior de nitritos.Palavras-chave: Rodizonato de sódio; Iodeto de potássio; Chumbo; Arma de fogo; Ciências Forenses. Abstract.One of the most common processes in forensic analysis is the identification of gunshot residues. Currently, there are super advanced methods for this procedure, however, it is known that many localities do not have the financial conditions to acquire these equipment. The suspect screening test is usually carried out by Griess, and sodium rodizonate assays, however, the latter has some drawbacks such as low stability, median cost, interaction with the Griess test, and preparation dependent on other reagents. The present study has developed a new method for identifying lead, with lower cost, greater stability and ease of preparation and that allows the nitrite test later.

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Identification of gunshot residue: a critical review

Cited by 304 publications

References 86 publications

The survival of metallic residues from gunshot wounds in cremated bone: a SEM–EDX study

The survival of metallic residues from gunshot wounds in cremated bone: a SEM–EDX study

Laser bidezko ablazioaren egungo egoera eta aplikazioak

Aplicação Forense do Iodeto de Potássio: Um Novo Método Colorimétrico para Identificação de Resíduos de Disparos de Armas de Fogo

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