Identification of Glycogen in Electron Micrographs of Thin Tissue Sections

Revel, Jean‐Paul; Napolitano, Leonard; Fawcett, Don W.

doi:10.1083/jcb.8.3.575

Cited by 397 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These particles are irregular in shape and their density is increased with lead hydroxide staining. Because these granules are similar to the particles in glycogenic areas of other vertebrate tissues (11,31), they are presumed to be glycogen. The particles are situated in areas of the cytoplasm devoid of other organelles.…”

Section: Cleavage Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF CYTODIFFERENTIATION DURING CLEAVAGE, BLASTULA, AND GASTRULA STAGES OF FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS

Lentz

Trinkaus

1967

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The fine structure of cleavage, blastula, and gastrula stages of Fundulus heteroclitus was investigated. Cleavage blastomeres arc relatively unspccialized, containing few or poorly developcd organelles. Beginning in blastula stages, signs of differentiation were noted, including development of the cndoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and appearance of a primary nucleolus and polyribosomcs. More extensive structural specializations occur in gastrula stages, including further development of the endoplasmic reticulum and appearance of a granular component in the nucleolus. These changes are associated with cell differentiation and an increascd capacity for protein synthesis, and may bc preparatory to subsequent histogenesis. The periblast is a continuous syncytial cytoplasmic laycr located between the blastodisc and yolk and is formed during late cleavage by incomplete division of the cytoplasm of the blastodisc. Cytoplasmic projections extend from the periblast (and from the basal region of cleavage blastomercs prior to formation of the periblast) into the yolk and function in uptake of yolk material in the absence of pinocytosis. Yolk material appears to be digested by the periblast and transferred into the segmentation cavity where it is available to the blastomeres. Protein granules, lipid droplets, glycogen, crystalline arrays, and multivesicular bodies are related to food storage and utilization by blastomeres. The yolk gel layer enclosing the yolk sphere was found to be a thin layer of cytoplasm continuous with the margin of the periblast and is renamed the yolk cytoplasmic layer.

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Section: Cleavage Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF CYTODIFFERENTIATION DURING CLEAVAGE, BLASTULA, AND GASTRULA STAGES OF FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS

Lentz

Trinkaus

1967

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…13). Examination of a large number of sections failed to reveal the presence in the cytoplasm of glycogen, which usually appears as small rosettes of electron-dense particles (Revel, Napolitano & Fawcett, 1960). The absence of a carbohydrate reserve is to be expected when growth is carbohydrate-limited.…”

Section: R C Righelato a P J T R I N C I S J P I R T A N D mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Maintenance Energy and Growth Rate on the Metabolic Activity, Morphology and Conidiation of Penicillium chrysogenum

Righelato

Trinci

Pirt

et al. 1968

Journal of General Microbiology

212

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The rates of utilization of energy-yielding substrates (glucose and oxygen) by Penicillium chrysogenum in glucose-limited chemostat cultures were resolved into requirements or 'rations' for growth and maintenance. The maintenance ration of glucose was almost all oxidized to carbon dioxide. Over the growth rate range 0.023-0.075 hr-l only vegetative growth occurred; although the filamentous growth form predominated, the occurrence of pellets and swollen organisms increased with growth rate. At growth rates of 0.014 hr-l and below, conidiation occurred and was maximal at a specific growth rate of 0.009 hr-l (average doubling time 78 hr). After growth in chemostat culture the organism could be maintained in a non-growing state by supplying only the maintenance ration of glucose (0.022 g. glucose/g. mycelial dry wt/hr). When growth in the chemostat was suddenly stopped by stopping the glucose feed, the mould autolyzed; autolysis was prevented by supplying the maintenance ration of glucose. When the glucose feed rate in chemostat cultures was decreased to the maintenance ration, mycelial differentiation occurred. Differentiation involved increased hyphal vacuolation, a decreased degree of oxidation of glucose, breakdown and resynthesis of nucleic acids and conidiation. The rates at which these changes occurred were inversely related to the growth rate prior to stopping growth. For maximum conidia formation there was an optimal glucose feed rate about 0.038 g. glucose/g. mycelial dry wt/hr, that is 1-7 x maintenance ration. The maintenance ration of glucose was shown to play a role in preventing autolysis and facilitating conidiation. Electron microscope studies showed that there was no change in the observed ultrastructure of cells (except degree of vacuolation) with change in specific growth rate from near the maximum to zero. The septa of the hyphae were found to be plugged.

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“…The interstitial space (IS) contains bands of ground substance which extend into the invaginations. The sarcoplasmic core of the fiber (S) contains unstained glycogen, which is mottled in appearance (31). Patches of unstained glycogen occur throughout the contractile cortex as well.…”

Section: Plasma Membrane Invaginations and Sarcoplasmic And Supportinmentioning

confidence: 99%

ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF OBLIQUELY STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS IN ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

Rosenbluth

1965

The Journal of Cell Biology

203

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The somatic musculature of the nematode, Ascaris, is currently thought to consist of smooth muscle fibers, which contain intracellular supporting fibrils arranged in a regular pattern. Electron microscopic examination shows that the muscle fibers are, in fact, comparable to the striated muscles of vertebrates in that they contain interdigitating arrays of thick and thin myofilaments which form H, A, and I bands. In the A bands each thick filament is surrounded by about l0 to 12 thin filaments. The earlier confusion about the classification of this muscle probably arose from the fact that in one longitudinal plane the myofilaments are markedly staggered and, as a result, the striations in that plane of section are not transverse but oblique, forming an angle of only about 6 ° with the filament axis. The apparent direction of the striations changes with the plane of the section and may vary all the way from radial to longitudinal. A three-dimensional model is proposed which accounts for the appearance of this muscle in various planes. Z lines as such are absent but are replaced by smaller, less orderly, counterpart "Z bundles" to which thin filaments attach. These bundles are closely associated with fibrillar dense bodies and with deep infoldings of the plasma membrane. The invaginations of the plasma membrane together with intracellular, flattened, membranous cisternae form dyads and triads. It is suggested that these complexes, which also occur at the cell surface, may constitute strategically located, low-impedance patches through which local currents are channeled selectively.

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Identification of Glycogen in Electron Micrographs of Thin Tissue Sections

Cited by 397 publications

References 18 publications

A FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF CYTODIFFERENTIATION DURING CLEAVAGE, BLASTULA, AND GASTRULA STAGES OF FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS

A FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF CYTODIFFERENTIATION DURING CLEAVAGE, BLASTULA, AND GASTRULA STAGES OF FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS

The Influence of Maintenance Energy and Growth Rate on the Metabolic Activity, Morphology and Conidiation of Penicillium chrysogenum

ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF OBLIQUELY STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS IN ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

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