Identification of Genotypes of
            <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i>
            from Stool Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Thailand

Leelayoova, Saovanee; Subrungruang, Ittisak; Suputtamongkol, Yupin; Worapong, J.; Petmitr, Porntip; Mungthin, Mathirut

doi:10.1128/jcm.00945-06

Cited by 75 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The results of this study showed that of 160, 14 samples were positive for E. bieneusi and of the 14 samples, 12 cases were detected as genotype D. Consistent with our findings, genotype D has been reported as the most frequent genotype in most studies (24). In Thailand, Leelayoova et al, in 2006, demonstrated that genotype D with 36.4% had the highest prevalence of genotype in AIDS patients and the phylogenetic analysis suggests the zoonotic potential of the parasite (25). Our findings, besides other studies, indicate that genotype D is in most of the immunodeficient patients and animals that could be associated with the widespread potential of the genotype.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Tavalla

Kazemi

Kateki

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Microsporidiosis is considered as an opportunistic infection in immunodeficient patients. Objectives: Due to the increasing prevalence of parasitic infections and immunodeficiency diseases as well as the transmission risk of microsporidia from animals to human, the aim of this study was to evaluate molecular diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. by the multiplex/nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and staining methods in wild rats of Ahvaz city, southwest of Iran. Methods: Initially, 160 stool samples were collected from wild rats in different parts of Ahvaz city. The samples were stained by the modified trichrome staining and explored microscopically. The DNA was extracted using the DNA stool kit and examined by multiplex/nested PCR. For differentiating the species of Encephalitozoon, the multiplex/nested PCR products were explored by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method using the restriction enzyme of Mnl1. Results: Of 160, 26 cases were suspected positive for microsporidia spore by the staining. Also, of 160, 18 cases were positive by the multiplex/nested PCR method, that 14 and 4 samples were detected as E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis, respectively. Of 14 E. bieneusi samples, 12 and 2 cases were detected as genotype D and M, respectively. Conclusions: The findings revealed a relatively high prevalence of microsporidia infection in wild rats of the city and these animals can be a source of microsporidiosis. Due to the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms, high -risk individuals should be receiving the information about the risk of direct and indirect contact with the infected animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Tavalla

Kazemi

Kateki

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Both genotypes have previously been recovered in humans but also in various animals, including pigs, muskrats, and beavers. A predominance of genotypes D and E, which are associated with a zoonotic potential, has already been described in Thailand (17). In this study, authors reported a higher frequency of genotypes D (36.4%) and E (15.2%) among HIV-infected patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In contrast, many genotypes have a zoonotic potential (like genotypes D, E, and K) because they are non-host specific and encountered in various mammals, including humans (21). As several studies indicate that the genotypes of E. bieneusi can differ in different geographical locations (6), it has been recently proposed that predominant genotypes in different geographical sites could be related to distinct sources of transmission (17). The comparative analysis of E. bieneusi genotypes recovered in Niamey and Hanoi produced interesting results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 50 distinct genotypes of E. bieneusi based on the nucleotide sequence polymorphism of this 243-bp region have been described, and 34 have been reported in humans (17,21). Nevertheless, even if only limited information is available on the geographical distribution of human-derived genotypes of E. bieneusi, the current knowledge on the epidemiology of microsporidiosis suggests that a distinct mode of transmission exists.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Study of Microsporidiosis Due toEnterocytozoon bieneusiandEncephalitozoon intestinalisamong Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients from Two Geographical Areas: Niamey, Niger, and Hanoi, Vietnam

et al. 2007

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Microsporidiosis cases due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis are emerging opportunistic infections associated with a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans. The aim of this study was to specify microsporidial epidemiology in two different geographical areas. From November 2004 to August 2005, 228 and 42 stool samples were collected in Niamey, Niger, and Hanoi, Vietnam, respectively. Screening for microsporidia was performed using UV-light microscopy. Detection was confirmed by molecular biology using two methods specific for E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis. All samples positive for E. bieneusi were subjected to genotyping. In this study, we found high prevalences of microsporidiosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, 10.5% and 9.5%, respectively, in Niamey and Hanoi. These levels of prevalence are similar to those recorded in European countries before highly active antiretroviral therapy was introduced. In the samples positive for E. bieneusi, we found seven distinct genotypes, including two genotypes not previously described. The E. bieneusi genotype distributions in the two geographical areas suggest different routes of infection transmission, person-to-person in Niger and zoonotic in Vietnam.

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“…It was also found in numerous diverse animals (swine, cattle, macaque, muskrat, raccoon, beaver, fox, dog, and falcon) (47). The type D genotype was commonly reported to occur in HIV-positive patients in Thailand (24) and Peru (42) and in two isolated cases in Europe (36,37), and it was recently isolated from 3 HIV-negative individuals in Cameroon (3), which confirms the wide spread of this genotype. Genotype D represents 15% of isolates from four species of wildlife animals in North America (43) and 26% of isolates found in cats in Colombia (39), supporting a zoonotic route of transmission for this strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

First Cases of Microsporidiosis in Transplant Recipients in Spain and Review of the Literature

et al. 2011

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Microsporidia are currently considered emerging pathogens responsible for life-threatening infections in organ transplant recipients. Here, we describe the first cases of intestinal microsporidiosis by Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype D in two non-HIV-infected renal transplant recipients from Spain. Previously reported cases of microsporidiosis in organ transplant recipients have also been reviewed, highlighting the necessity of considering organ transplant recipients a risk group for microsporidiosis. A systematic search for these parasites is recommended in cases of persistent diarrhea and in the differential diagnosis of other syndromes, such as chronic fever of unknown etiology.

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Identification of Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Stool Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Thailand

Cited by 75 publications

References 24 publications

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Molecular Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. in Wild Rats of Southwest of Iran

Molecular Study of Microsporidiosis Due toEnterocytozoon bieneusiandEncephalitozoon intestinalisamong Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients from Two Geographical Areas: Niamey, Niger, and Hanoi, Vietnam

First Cases of Microsporidiosis in Transplant Recipients in Spain and Review of the Literature

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