IDENTIFICATION OF GENES REGULATED IN RESPONSE TO Cu EXPOSURE IN Brassica nigra L.

Abstract

Copper (Cu) is one of the essential trace metals required for plant growth. High amount of Cu in the media inhibits plant growth and is toxic to the plants. Brassica nigra L., a Cu accumulator, can tolerate a high amount of Cu and have specific mechanisms to relocate Cu within the cell compartments and keep the toxic amount of Cu away from the cytoplasm. This study aimed to evaluate the Cu-induced gene expression pattern of B. nigra Diyarbakir ecotype subjected to low Cu treatment. The Arabidopsis ATH1 genome array was used to determine the Cu-induced gene expression in the leaves of B. nigra grown at 25 µM Cu. Ninety-five genes were upregulated, and seventy-two genes were downregulated in the leaves of plants grown under 25 µM Cu. Cu responsive genes, such as glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, heavy metal transporters, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins, cytochrome p450, MYB-like transcription factor, copper/zinc, and Fe superoxide dismutases, and some protein kinases were highly expressed in the leaves of Cu-treated plants. The present work provides the global gene expression pattern in facultative metallophyte B. nigra, which could serve as a molecular tool for future phytoremediation studies.

Transcriptional response of Cu-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to foliar-applied nano-Cu: Molecular crosstalk between Cu loading into plants and changes in Cu homeostasis genes

“…However, that molecular response (NIP2.1, PIP1.1 and TIP1.1) was inversely dose-dependent. This is in agreement with previous research, in which low Cu treatment demonstrated a more positive impact on AQs expression than high Cu dosage (Landa et al, 2017;Merakli et al, 2021). Noteworthy, PIP1.1 and TIP1.1 expressions generally increase in plant tissues during intense growth as a means for effective water and solute circulation (Akdemir, 2021;Banerjee and Roychoudhury, 2020), which demonstrates a positive impact of Cu fertilization with low doses.…”

“…Moreover, as both Cu deficiency and excess impact the osmotic potential, significant changes in AQs expression were observed overtime (Kholodova et al, 2011;Merakli et al, 2021;Wintz et al, 2003). It is worth emphasizing that, only nano-Cu at 100 mg L -1 led to down-regulation of all tested AQs genes under a short-term exposure.…”

“…Due to the importance of Cu in crucial physiological processes and its high reactivity, which can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), all intracellular Cu is precisely controlled (Cota-Ruiz et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). Both Cu deprivation and excess induce a cascade of reactions in plants, e.g., the differential expression pattern of gene encoding proteins involved in Cu trafficking and counteracting the stress response (del Pozo et al, 2010;Merakli et al, 2021;Ravet and Pilon, 2013;Wintz et al, 2003). One of the strategies for maintaining Cu homeostasis is the regulation of the expression of genes involved in Cu trafficking via heavy metal transporters (HMA) and Cu transporters (COPT) in response to changes in the cellular amount of Cu (del Pozo et al, 2010;Printz et al, 2016;Wintz et al, 2003).…”

The impact of elevated sulfur and nitrogen levels on cadmium tolerance in Euglena species

“…GO-term analysis revealed that the N-treatment of E. gracilis and subsequent CdCl 2 exposure also enhanced expression of genes involved in “metal cluster binding” and “metal ion binding”. Through DGE we identified decreased expression of L-ascorbate peroxidase and increased expression of calmodulin, which have both been related to metal stress response by playing a key role in mitigating the oxidative stress response in plants 48 , 49 . Down regulation in E. gracilis suggests that the N-treatment suppressed this oxidative stress response.…”

The impact of elevated sulfur and nitrogen levels on cadmium tolerance in Euglena species

“…Through DGE we identi ed decreased expression of L-ascorbate peroxidase and increased expression of calmodulin which have both been related metal stress response. L-ascorbate peroxidase plays a key role in mitigating the oxidative stress response resulting from metal challenge in plants [34,35]. It's down regulation in E. gracilis suggests that N pre-treatment suppressed this oxidative stress response.…”