Identification of genes expressed during the compatible interaction of grapevine with Plasmopara viticola through suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH)

Abstract

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is the most widely cultivated and economically important fruit crop, but is susceptible to a large number of diseases. Downy mildew, caused by the obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola, is a common disease present in all regions where vines are cultivated. We used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to generate two cDNA libraries enriched for transcripts induced and repressed, respectively, in the susceptible grapevine cultivar Chasselas 24 h after inoculation with P. viticola. Differential screening on glass slide microarrays yielded over 800 putative genes that were upregulated in response to P. viticola infection and over 200 that were down-regulated. One hundred and ninety four of these, were sequenced, identified and functionally categorised. Transcript abundance of twelve genes over a 48 h time course was examined by reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Ten of these genes were induced/enhanced by P. viticola challenge, confirming the results of the SSH. The vast majority of the genes identified are related to defence. Interestingly, many genes involved in photosynthesis were down-regulated.

Foliar application of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers for controlling grape anthracnose caused by Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary in Thailand

“…These results further support the conclusion that chitosan and BTH prime for resistance instead of directly activating it (Aziz et al, 2006;Aziz et al, 2007;Allégre et al, 2009;Dubreuil-Maurizi et al, 2010;Dufour et al, 2012). The significance of priming is that the synthesis of proteins involved in defense occurs only upon pathogen infection, and thus, there are low fitness costs for the plant in the absence of the pathogen (Conrath et al, 2006;Buensanteai et al, 2009;Perazzoli et al, 2008;Legay et al, 2011), as would be expected when treatment with elicitors lead to the direct expression of resistance mechanisms (Heil, 2002;Buensanteai et al, 2009;Körösi et al, 2011).…”

Transcriptional profiling analysis of Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mold, unravels an inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in response to citral

“…To survive from drastic environment changes, eukaryotes must rapidly adjust their gene expression programs to develop a series of protective mechanisms [ 30 , 31 ]. In this study, considerable alterations in gene expression levels related to cell rescue, defense, and detoxification were influenced by citral.…”

Benzothiadiazole‐primed defence responses and enhanced differential expression of defence genes in Vitis vinifera infected with biotrophic pathogens Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola

“…, 2008). The role of PR proteins in defence against P. viticola remains uncertain because PR‐1 was sometimes, but not always, induced in infected leaves of susceptible cultivars (Legay et al. , 2011).…”

“…Genes encoding cytoskeletal and phenylpropanoid pathways are primarily up‐regulated during infection (Polesani et al. , 2008), as are genes encoding PR proteins such as β‐1,3‐glucanase ( PR‐2 ), chitinase ( PR‐8 ) and PR‐1, PR‐10 and PR‐5 (Legay et al. , 2011).…”