Identification of gaps in pearl millet germplasm from East and Southern Africa conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Upadhyaya, Hari D.; Reddy, K. N.; Ahmed, M. Irshad; Gowda, C. L. L.

doi:10.1017/s1479262112000275

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Knowledge of the geographical distribution of economically important traits and the diversity is essential for proper understanding and exploitation of genetic resources. In the present study, the frequency distribution of landraces originating in various countries indicated unequal adaptation of pearl millet across the countries, probably due to natural and human selection as well as the photoperiod and temperature response of landraces (Upadhyaya et al 2012a). Landraces from primary center of diversity for pearl millet covering mostly the West and Central African (WCA) countries harbor a wide range of climatic and environmental conditions as well as diverse farmer preferences and pearl millet utilization habits, were found as highly variable for days to 50 % flowering, plant height, panicle exsertion, length, thickness and shape, seed shape and color (Harlan 1971;Bhattacharjee et al 2007;Stich et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Geographical distribution of traits and diversity in the world collection of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., synonym: Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] landraces conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Upadhyaya

Reddy

Ahmed

et al. 2016

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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The genebank at ICRISAT conserves the largest collection of 23,092 pearl millet germplasm accessions originating in 52 countries. A total of 15,979 landraces originating in 34 countries and having geographic coordinates of the collection sites were selected to investigate the geographical distribution of pearl millet traits and diversity in the collection. Results revealed adaptation of pearl millet to latitudes ranging between 33.00°S and 36.91°N. Landraces with early flowering (33-40 days) were predominant in Pakistan, Ghana, Togo and India; with very late flowering (121-159 days) in Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic; with short plant height (80-100 cm) in India, Zambia and Sudan; with tallness (401-490 cm) in Chad, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and the Central African Republic; with high tillering (11-35) in India and Yemen; with high panicle exsertion (11-29 cm) in Ghana, Chad, India and Yemen; with long panicles (75-135 cm) in Nigeria and Niger; with thick panicles (41-58 mm) in Namibia, Togo and Zimbabwe and those with large seeds (16-19 g 1000 seeds-1) were predominant in Togo, Benin, Ghana and Burkina Faso. Collections from Ghana for flowering (36-150 days), Burkina Faso for plant height (80-490), India and Yemen for total (1-35) and productive (1-19) tillers per plant, Niger for panicle exsertion (-45 to 21.0), panicle length (9-135 cm) and thickness (12-55 mm) and Zimbabwe for 1000 seed weight (3.5-19.3 g), were found as important sources for trait diversity. Launching collection missions for trait-specific germplasm is suggested to enrich the world collection of pearl millet at ICRISAT genebank for diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Geographical distribution of traits and diversity in the world collection of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., synonym: Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] landraces conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Upadhyaya

Reddy

Ahmed

et al. 2016

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…We base our framework on the rationale that the distributions of landraces can be predicted using environmental and socioeconomic drivers, and that important conservation gaps can be identified by characterizing the geographic (accessibility and connectivity) and environmental space across which previous collecting has been carried out. Previous studies assessing gaps in landrace collections only used climate drivers and did not explicitly assess gap prediction robustness (Upadhyaya et al, , ; Upadhyaya, Reddy, Irshad Ahmed, Gowda, & Haussmann, ) nor introduce expert inputs to prioritize collecting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gap analysis modelling framework to prioritize collecting for ex situ conservation of crop landraces

Ramírez-Villegas

Khoury

Achicanoy

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim:The conservation and effective use of crop genetic diversity are crucial to overcome challenges related to human nutrition and agricultural sustainability. Farmers' traditional varieties ("landraces") are major sources of genetic variation. The degree of representation of crop landrace diversity in ex situ conservation is poorly understood, partly due to a lack of methods that can negotiate both the anthropogenic and environmental determinants of their geographic distributions. Here, we describe a novel spatial modelling and ex situ conservation gap analysis modelling framework for crop landraces, using common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a case study. Location: The Americas. Methods: The modelling framework includes five main steps: (a) determining relevant landrace groups using literature to develop and test classification models; (b) modelling the potential geographic distributions of these groups using occurrence (landrace presences) combined with environmental and socioeconomic predictor data; (c) calculating geographic and environmental gap scores for current genebank collections; (d) mapping ex situ conservation gaps; and (e) compiling expert inputs. Results: Modelled distributions and conservation gaps for the two genepools of common bean (Andean and Mesoamerican) were robustly predicted and align well with expert opinions. Both genepools are relatively well conserved, with Andean ex situ collections representing 78.5% and Mesoamerican 98.2% of their predicted geographic distributions. Modelling revealed additional collection priorities for Andean landraces occur primarily in Chile, Peru, Colombia and, to a lesser extent, Venezuela. Mesoamerican landrace collecting priorities are concentrated in Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. Conclusions:The modelling framework represents an advance in tools that can be deployed to model the geographic distributions of cultivated crop diversity, to assess the comprehensiveness of conservation of this diversity ex situ and to highlight geographic areas where further collecting may be conducted to fill gaps in ex situ conservation. | 731RAMIREZ-VILLEGAS Et AL.

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“…Though the global germplasm collections are large, there are still sizeable gaps in the ex situ collections of many major crops including sorghum (Jones et al, 1997;Maxted et al, 2008;Upadhyaya et al, , 2010Upadhyaya et al, , 2012Upadhyaya et al, , 2014aUpadhyaya et al, , 2015. Generally, the goal of genebanks is to preserve maximum genetic diversity and that is feasible through identification and exploration of gaps in the collections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution, diversity and gap analysis of East African sorghum collection conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Upadhyaya¹,

Narsimha²,

Vetriventhan³

et al. 2017

Aust J Crop Sci

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The aim of the investigation was to assess the geographical distribution, diversity and gaps in sorghum collection from East African countries conserved at the ICRISAT genebank. The collection represents a total of 12,750 accessions including 11,672 landraces, 877 breeding materials, six improved cultivars, and 195 wild accessions. Passport data and FloraMap, a GIS software were used to assess geographical distribution and identify gaps. Range, mean, variance and phenotypic diversity index were estimated using GENSTAT 13.1. to assess the diversity in the collection. Cultivated sorghums classified into races and intermediate races based on spikelet and panicle morphology differed significantly, and races showed more variation than intermediate races for days to 50% flowering in postrainy season, plant height in rainy season, basal tillers per plant, panicle length, seed width and 100 seed weight. A total of 153 districts located in 50 provinces of 10 East African countries were found as the geographical gaps. Probably due to large variation for maturity, timing of collecting mission, and accessibility to the area under sorghum cultivation, both North and South Sudan were found as the major gaps with seven and 50 districts, respectively. The wild sorghum collection from East African countries belongs to S. bicolor, S. halepense, S. lanceolatum, S. macrochaeta, S. purpureosericeum and S. versicolor. Remaining species of genus sorghum were considered as taxonomic gaps. The gaps identified in the present study need to be explored on a priority basis to collect and conserve most diverse sorghum germplasm.

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Identification of gaps in pearl millet germplasm from East and Southern Africa conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Geographical distribution of traits and diversity in the world collection of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., synonym: Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] landraces conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

Geographical distribution of traits and diversity in the world collection of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., synonym: Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] landraces conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

A gap analysis modelling framework to prioritize collecting for ex situ conservation of crop landraces

Geographical distribution, diversity and gap analysis of East African sorghum collection conserved at the ICRISAT genebank

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