Identification of flavonoids in Dendrobium huoshanense and comparison with those in allied species of Dendrobium by TLC, HPLC and HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization multi‐stage tandem MS analyses

Abstract

Dendrobium huoshanense, a unique species in the genus Orchidaceae, is only found in China and is known as “mihu”. Due to the lack of quality control, the use of D. huoshanense in the herbal market has been limited. In this study, methods based on thin‐layer chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the flavonoids in D. huoshanense and distinguish this species from other Dendrobium species. Using thin‐layer chromatography, a characteristic band was observed for D. huoshanense, and this band was absent from the thin‐layer chromatography plates of other Dendrobium species. Then, using high‐performance liquid chromatography, nine peaks of flavonoids were observed in the chromatograms of ten batches of D. huoshanense. Ultimately, 22 flavonoids in D. huoshanense were identified by multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometry, and 11 of these compounds are being reported from D. huoshanense for the first time. In addition, two compounds both with molecular weights of 710, were identified as being unique to D. huoshanense; one of these compounds, apigenin‐6‐C‐α‐L‐rhamnosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucoside‐8‐C‐α‐L‐arabinoside, was proven to be responsible for the characteristic thin‐layer chromatography band of D. huoshanense. These analysis methods can be applied for the identification and quality control of D. Huoshanense.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Biosynthesis of Important Bioactive Constituents and Mechanism of Stem Formation of Dendrobium huoshanense

“…Similarly, our results showed that the content of total flavonoids is concentrated in the leaves, but it is higher in the roots of D. huoshanense, suggesting that roots might also be a new source for D. huoshanense. Previous study has described identification and separation of chemical constituents of flavonoids (including new glycosyl flavonoids) in D. huoshanense by various methods 6,33 . However, limited studies have focused on the flavonoids biosynthesis in Dendrobium species.…”

Extensive Metabolic Profiles of Leaves and Stems from the Medicinal Plant Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

“…Apart from D. officinale , the genus Dendrobium contains over 40 species with high medicinal values [28]. The detailed metabolic profiles in the leaves and stems of D. officinale generated in the present study will facilitate cross-species comparison of key bioactive components [20,29,30]. Moreover, since most of the identified metabolites in this study have not yet been reported in Dendrobium officinale metabolic network, our work offers prospects for new bioactive compound discovery.…”

HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization multistage MS/MS and TLC analysis of flavones‐C‐glycosides and bibenzyl of Dendrobium hercoglossum

“…It is necessary to point out that, by comparing the existing literature, not only common components but also unique components exist in the plants of the Dendrobium genus, which greatly contributes to the quality control research of Dendrobium. For example, in our recent study, we systematically identified more than 20 flavonoids in D. huoshanense and found that two unique flavonoids could serve as chemical makers to distinguish it from other Dendrobium species [23]. According to the commonality and specificity of flavonoid glycosides components in D. officinale , the differences in intensity of rutin, violanthin, and isoviolanthin can be used to divided D. officinale into four categories: Danxia landform species, Yunnan Guangnan species, Guangxi Tiepilan species, and native species from Zhejiang [22].…”

“…(D. fimbriatum) [20,21]. In our previous studies, HPLC characteristic chromatogram of D. officinale, D. denneaum, and D. huoshanense have been established, successively in particular, D. officinale from different areas could be classified into four categories by HPLC characteristic chromatogram and chemometric methods [14,[22][23][24]. In addition, we also identified many flavonoids, most of which were flavonoid C-glycosides, in D. officinale, D. denneaum, and D. huoshanense.…”