Identification of feline immunodeficiency virus subtype-B on St. Kitts, West Indies by quantitative PCR

Kelly, Patrick J.; Stocking, Ruey; Gao, Dongya; Phillips, Nikol; Xu, Changqing; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard; Wang, Chengming

doi:10.3855/jidc.1844

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…OR for being the latter was 3.07 (95% CI: 0.94-10.00) (Table 1). All 105 feral cats were tested negative for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigens, which is consistent with earlier reports that St. Kitts cats are FeLV free [18,19] and will not be further discussed.…”

Section: Fiv Prevalence Of Feral Cats On St Kittssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Between September 2014 and July 2015, an overall FIV prevalence of 17.1% was found among the feral cats at 15 different locations near Basseterre, St. Kitts. Earlier reports of FIV prevalence on the same island showed 15.2% in 2006-2007, 13.9% in 2009 and 36.4% in 2010 in feral cat populations [18,19]. The much higher prevalence in 2010 might be due to small sample size of only 11 cats [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Earlier reports of FIV prevalence on the same island showed 15.2% in 2006-2007, 13.9% in 2009 and 36.4% in 2010 in feral cat populations [18,19]. The much higher prevalence in 2010 might be due to small sample size of only 11 cats [19]. The FIV prevalence among feral cats on St. Kitts between 2006 and 2015 apparently maintained a constant level of approximately 15% despite of continuous effort of FCP to minimize mating and aggression by neutering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

Chi

Fang

Köster

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded species including humans. The definitive hosts of T. gondii are felid vertebrates including the domestic cat. Domestic cats shed oocysts for approximately two weeks in their feces after the primary infection. It has been shown that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) positive cats have a higher prevalence of and a higher titer of antibodies to T. gondii than those of FIV-negative cats. The main purposes of this study were to determine FIV prevalence and to investigate the oocysts shedding in FIV-positive and FIV-negative feral cats on St. Kitts. Fecal samples were collected from feral cats while their FIV statues were determined using a commercial SNAP kit. Total fecal DNA of each cat was tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) consistently detecting one genome equivalent. A FIV-positive status was detected in 18 of 105 (17.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.9%−24.3%) feral cats sampled. Furthermore, males were three times more likely to be FIV positive than females (p = 0.017) with an odds ratio of 3.93 (95% CI: 1.20–12.89). Adults were found to have at least twice the prevalence of FIV compared to cats younger than one year of age (p = 0.056) with an odds ratio of 3.07 (95% CI: 0.94–10.00). Toxoplasma gondii DNA was not detected in the feces of any of the 18 FIV-positive (95% CI: 0%−0.18%) and 87 FIV-negative cats (95% CI: 0%−0.04%). A follow-up study with a much bigger sample size is needed to prove or disprove the hypothesis that FIV-positive cats have a higher prevalence of shedding T. gondii oocysts than FIV-negative cats.

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Section: Fiv Prevalence Of Feral Cats On St Kittssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

Chi

Fang

Köster

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“…On St. Kitts, although there is no feline leukemia virus (FeLV), the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is relatively high in the cat population with estimates ranging between 10–30% [ 52 , 53 ]. The frequent observations of Strongyloides in an area high in FIV might be mere coincidence, but as S. stercoralis infection is associated with immunosuppression in humans, a possible association should be evaluated in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides spp. in cats: a review of the literature and the first report of zoonotic Strongyloides stercoralis in colonic epithelial nodular hyperplasia in cats

et al. 2019

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Background Four species of Strongyloides , Strongyloides felis , Strongyloides planiceps , Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides tumefaciens , have been identified in cats based on morphology and location in the host with limited data on the prevalence and disease potential of these different species. Strongyloides tumefaciens adults are located in colonic nodules while the other three species are in the small intestine. The literature on Strongyloides in cats is scattered and has never been compiled. The aim of this article is to provide a short review of the existing literature on Strongyloides spp. in cats, to describe the pathology of colonic nodules containing Strongyloides sp. seen at necropsies of cats in St. Kitts, West Indies, and to provide the first unequivocal report of zoonotic S. stercoralis in cats based on sequencing analysis of a portion of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox 1) gene, and supported by phylogenetic analysis. Results Colonic nodules containing sections of nematodes, histologically compatible with Strongyloides sp. were seen during necropsy in six cats in St. Kitts, West Indies. Sequencing of the cox 1 gene of the mitochondrial DNA extracted from colonic nodules from two of these cats matched sequences of the zoonotic strain of S. stercoralis. Conclusions The morphological similarities between S. stercoralis- associated colonic nodules and previous reports of S. tumefaciens , together with the insufficient defining criteria for S. tumefaciens raises questions about the validity of the species. Further sampling and genetic characterization of isolates is needed to understand the species in cats and their zoonotic potential.

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“…St. Kitts and Nevis reported seroprevalence rates of 14–17.1% in sampled stray cats (Chi et al., 2021; Kelly et al., 2010). In a 2011 study from St. Kitts, 4 of 11 stray cats (36 %) tested positive for FIV subtype‐B by quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR assay (Kelly et al., 2011).…”

Section: Rna Viruses Circulating In Terrestrial Animals In the Caribb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of viruses in terrestrial animals from the Caribbean islands of Greater and Lesser Antilles

Gainor

Ghosh

2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Viruses pose a major threat to animal health worldwide, causing significant mortalities and morbidities in livestock, companion animals and wildlife, with adverse implications on human health, livelihoods, food safety and security, regional/national economies and biodiversity. The Greater and Lesser Antilles consist of a cluster of islands between the North and South Americas and is habitat to a wide variety of animal species. This review is the first to put together decades of information on different viruses circulating in companion animals, livestock and wildlife from the Caribbean islands of Greater and Lesser Antilles. Although animal viral diseases have been documented in the Caribbean region since the 1940s, we found that studies on different animal viruses are limited, inconsistent and scattered. Furthermore, a significant number of the reports were based on serological assays, yielding preliminary data. The available information was assessed to identify knowledge gaps and limitations, and accordingly, recommendations were made, with the overall goal to improve animal health and production, and combat zoonoses in the region.

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Identification of feline immunodeficiency virus subtype-B on St. Kitts, West Indies by quantitative PCR

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

Strongyloides spp. in cats: a review of the literature and the first report of zoonotic Strongyloides stercoralis in colonic epithelial nodular hyperplasia in cats

A comprehensive review of viruses in terrestrial animals from the Caribbean islands of Greater and Lesser Antilles

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