Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from Prunus armeniaca L. Kernel Extracts

Abstract

<jats:p>Apart from its essential oil, Prunus armeniaca L. kernel extract has received only scarce attention. The present study aimed to describe the lipid and polyphenolic composition of the dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts on the basis of hot extraction, performing analysis by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 6 diacylglycerols (DAGs) and 18 triacylglycerols (TAGs) were detected as being present in all extracts, with the predominance of OLL (dilinoleyl-olein), OOL (dioleoyl-linolein), and OOO (triolein), with percentages ranging from 19.0–32.8%, 20.3–23.6%, and 12.1–20.1%, respectively. In further detail, the extraction with ethyl acetate (medium polarity solvent) gave the highest signal for all peaks, followed by chloroform and dichloromethane (more apolar solvent), while the extraction with ethanol (polar solvent) was the least efficient. Ethanol showed very poor signal for the most saturated TAGs, while dichloromethane showed the lowest percentages of DAGs. Accordingly, the screening of the total fatty acid composition revealed the lowest percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) in the dichloromethane extract, which instead contained the highest amount (greater than 60%) of oleic acid (C18:1n9). Polyphenolic compounds with pharmacological effects (anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, and inflammatory), such as coumarin derivative and amygdalin, occurred at a higher amount in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts.</jats:p>

Isolation of Haematococcus lacustris as source of novel anti-multi-antibiotic resistant microbes agents; fractionation and identification of bioactive compounds

“…Many bioactive substances were discovered from microalgae like carotenoids, fatty acids, and phycobiliproteins. Fatty acids or related lipid compounds are derivatives of hexanolic extracts [39] . Therefore, in the current study, seven fractions of H. lacustris hexanolic extract were produced and used as the source of antibacterial agents.…”

The potential of pharmacological activities of the multi-compound treatment for GERD: literature review and a network pharmacology-based analysis

“…According to literature, the kernel of P. armeniaca L. has reported remarkable pharmacological effects such as strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective activities [55].…”

In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of ethanolic extract of sweet apricot kernel on PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells

“…Fatty acids and phenolic compounds also were identified in oil extracts. Oleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid with widely known anticancer effects (Hrichi et al, 2020). Jiang et al (2017) found that Oleic acid effectively inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle G0/G1 arrest; Considering all these results, it could be suggested that SAEE induces apoptosis in the treated PANC-1 cells through a mitochondrial mediated apoptotic pathway as it occurs with doxorubicin as a routine treatment modality for pancreatic cancer (Ji et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2017;Tacar et al, 2013).…”

“…Moreover, it has been reported that sweet apricot kernel ethanolic extract (SAEE) shows antitumor activity against human breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT-116) and hepatocellular (Hep-G2) carcinoma cell lines (Gomaa, 2013). According to available literature, polar solvents, such as ethanol, compared with the nonpolar solvents, are efficient for the extraction of lower molecular weight components with pharmacological effects (anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antitumor), and the polarity of the solvent used for extraction plays a vital role in both the efficiency and efficacy of pharmacological activities (Hrichi et al, 2020;Abarca-Vargas et al, 2016).…”