Identification of Extreme Wind Events Using a Weather Type Classification

Couto, António; Costa, P. Marques Da; Simões, Tomás

doi:10.3390/en14133944

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These periods of low renewable power generation have previously been described in other jurisdictions, including the Germany [18], United Kingdom [22], Ireland [23], the United States [24] and Europe more broadly [21,25,26]. Australia, too, has weather patterns which provides the conditions for a wind drought in the National Energy Market (NEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterisation and mitigation of renewable droughts in the Australian National Electricity Market

Boston¹,

Bongers

2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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In a decarbonising world, the electricity generation mix in Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM) is likely to be heavily dependent on wind and solar. Designing an electricity system dominated by variable renewable energy generation requires careful examination of periods of low renewable output to ensure storage or other back up generation is sufficient to avoid loss of load. This study uses 15 years of climate and electricity demand data to examine the frequency and nature of the occurrence of low renewable periods. It examines strategies for their mitigation so that unserved energy standards are not breached. We have found that the winter period, May to August, is the time where the NEM is at greatest risk of loss of load. This winter period is when the demand in southern Australian states is higher, solar generation is lower and a series of low wind periods can drain storage. It has been demonstrated that any proposed generation mix reliant on renewable energy generation should be stress tested across a low wind winter, like the complex winter of 2010, not just a single isolated low wind period. Storage was found to be ideal to provide energy for a few hours overnight, but firm dispatchable thermal generation is likely to be a lower cost option than long term storage for extended low wind periods. Diversifying generation with the addition of offshore wind may reduce the need for storage, although the need for floating wind turbines may make this alternative too expensive to add any value in the Australian context.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterisation and mitigation of renewable droughts in the Australian National Electricity Market

Boston¹,

Bongers

2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…ERA5 is the fifth generation reanalysis from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which provides hourly estimates of variables describing atmospheric, land, and oceanic climate (detailed at: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/ datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5, accessed on 19 October 2021). ERA5 has been widely used in studies on synoptic weather classification [28,[40][41][42][43]. In this study, we use mean sea level pressure at 0.25 • × 0.25 • on 1400 LST (usually with the highest ozone pollution during the day [9], Figure S3a) from 1 April to 30 September (warm-season period) of 2013-2020 to classify the predominant synoptic weather patterns in Sichuan.…”

Section: Meteorological Data and Weather Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Variability of Ozone Pollution over the Mountain-Basin Areas in Sichuan Province during 2013–2020: Synoptic Impacts and Formation Regimes

et al. 2021

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Sichuan Province, the most industrialized and populated region in southwestern China, has been experiencing severe ozone pollution in the boreal warm season (April–September). With a surface ozone monitoring network and reanalysis dataset, we find that nearly all cities in Sichuan Province showed positive increasing trends in the warm-season ozone levels. The warm-season daily maximum 8-h average (MDA8) ozone levels increased by 2.0 ppb (4.8%) year−1 as a whole, with slightly larger trends in some sites such as a site in Zigong (5.2 ppb year−1). Seasonally, the monthly ozone level in Sichuan peaks from May to August (varies with year). The predominant warm-season synoptic patterns were objectively identified based on concurrent hourly meteorological fields from ERA5. High-pressure systems promote ozone production and result in high ozone concentrations, due to strong solar radiation as well as hot and dry atmospheric conditions. The increased occurrence of high-pressure patterns probably drives the ozone increase in Sichuan. When ozone pollution is relatively weak (with MDA8 ozone around 170 μg m−3), the air quality standard could be achieved in the short term by a 25% reduction of NOx and VOCs emissions. Strengthened emission control is needed when ozone pollution is more severe. Our study provides implications for effective emission control of ozone pollution in Sichuan.

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“…Meanwhile, long-term wind erosion also leads to soil coarsening, reduces soil fertility and increases the risk of desertification (Ravi et al, 2011;Li et al, 2018). More importantly, extreme-wind events threaten the security of tall buildings and bridges and the systemic management of wind power (Höltinger et al, 2019;Meng et al, 2019;Gonçalves et al, 2021), so their classification and estimation are also the focus of research field of wind power (Torrielli et al, 2016;Couto et al, 2021). Therefore, wind extremes play an important role in the prevention and control of meteorological disasters and desertification prevention, and control the understanding of the material cycle of the ecosystem and the management of wind power systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme-wind events in China in the past 50 years and their impacts on sandstorm variations

Jiang

Miao²,

Zhao³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Extreme-wind events not only cause disasters by themselves but can also trigger sandstorms, resulting in significant social and economic losses. Since recent years have experienced more frequent and severe extreme weather events, it is worth to explore how extreme-wind events response to recent climate change and how they impact the sandstorm variation. This work established two indices, EW90 and EW95, to identify extreme-wind events based on the relation between extreme-wind intensity and local-source sandstorm. EW90 and EW95 extreme-wind indices are defined as the daily maximum wind speeds greater than the 90th and 95th quantiles of local long-term historical records. The spatial distributions of EW90 and EW95 extreme-wind events are similar, which is higher in arid and semi-arid and coastal regions, and lower in southern China. Seasonally, extreme-wind events mainly occur in April and May for most areas over China, while they are more frequent from July to August for humid regions. During 1971–2020, both the EW90 and EW95 extreme-wind speeds and annual frequencies have significant decreasing trend (p < 0.01), while the daily mean wind speed does not decrease significantly. Extreme-wind events do not have significant abrupt change as well, while a turning positive trend after 2003 is found for mean wind speed. Moreover, sandstorm days are highly correlated with the EW90 and EW95 extreme-wind events, with linear and partial correlation coefficients around 0.95 and 0.5, respectively, while they do not have significant correlations with mean wind speed. Therefore, the significant reduction of sandstorms over northern China in the past 50 years is mainly due to the substantially decreasing extreme-wind events.

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Identification of Extreme Wind Events Using a Weather Type Classification

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Characterisation and mitigation of renewable droughts in the Australian National Electricity Market

Characterisation and mitigation of renewable droughts in the Australian National Electricity Market

Trends and Variability of Ozone Pollution over the Mountain-Basin Areas in Sichuan Province during 2013–2020: Synoptic Impacts and Formation Regimes

Extreme-wind events in China in the past 50 years and their impacts on sandstorm variations

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