Identification of Extracellular Matrix Components and Biological Factors in Micronized Dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane

Abstract

Objective: The use of bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) grafts such as amniotic membranes is an attractive treatment option for enhancing wound repair. In this study, the concentrations, activity, and distribution of matrix components, growth factors, proteases, and inhibitors were evaluated in PURION® Processed, micronized, dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM; MiMedx Group, Inc.).Approach: ECM components in dHACM tissue were assessed by using immunohistochemical staining, and growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and inhibitors were quantified by using single and multiplex ELISAs. The activities of proteases that were native to the tissue were determined via gelatin zymography and EnzChek® activity assay.Results: dHACM tissue contained the ECM components collagens I and IV, hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate proteoglycans, fibronectin, and laminin. In addition, numerous growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and protease inhibitors that are known to play a role in the wound-healing process were quantified in dHACM. Though matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were present in dHACM tissues, inhibitors of MMPs overwhelmingly outnumbered the MMP enzymes by an overall molar ratio of 28:1. Protease activity assays revealed that the MMPs in the tissue existed primarily either in their latent form or complexed with inhibitors.Innovation: This is the first study to characterize components that function in wound healing, including inhibitor and protease content and activity, in micronized dHACM.Conclusion: A variety of matrix components and growth factors, as well as proteases and their inhibitors, were identified in micronized dHACM, providing a better understanding of how micronized dHACM tissue can be used to effectively promote wound repair.

Amnion-Based Scaffold with Enhanced Strength and Biocompatibility for In Vivo Vascular Repair

“…glycosamnioglycans [17], [22], [23]. Although in most studies the amnion have been used without much modification other than dehydration, several investigations have decellularized it beforehand using a range of approaches including freeze-thawing [24], [25], EDTA [26], and trypsin-EDTA treatment [12], [13].…”

Micronized Dehydrated Human Amnion Chorion Membrane Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis—A Large Retrospective Case Series

“…[8][9][10] In addition, these tissues contain amniotic epithelial cells and amniotic mononuclear undifferentiated stromal cells, which have chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity. [8][9][10] Amniotic membranes are also rich sources of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans, which could play a role in the potential therapeutic relief of OA. [8][9][10] Preclinical and clinical studies have shown promising results on the use of placental tissues as a treatment for OA and other orthopedic conditions.…”

“…[8][9][10] Amniotic membranes are also rich sources of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans, which could play a role in the potential therapeutic relief of OA. [8][9][10] Preclinical and clinical studies have shown promising results on the use of placental tissues as a treatment for OA and other orthopedic conditions. 8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] A contemporary tissue processing technique (PURION process) which cleans, and dehydrates human amniotic membrane, allows for the material to be micronized for suspension in normal saline and injection.…”

Dehydrated Human Amnion Chorion Membrane as Treatment for Pediatric Burns

“…Previously, 226 growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines have been identified in dHACM. [43][44][45][46][47] Given the ability of dHACM to influence multiple modalities of repair, we sought to determine the clinical efficacy of using dHACM in the treatment of pediatric small and moderate TBSA partial and full-thickness burns at risk of functional deficits.…”