Identification of Estrogen Receptor β RNA in Human Breast and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Crandall, David L.; Busler, Dennis E.; Novak, Thomas J.; Weber, Renata V.; Kral, John G.

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8997

Cited by 114 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Until now, evidence for the presence of ER␤ in the normal human breast and in breast cancer has been provided from reverse transcription-PCR (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and from in situ hybridization of mRNA (30), but no information has been available concerning the actual ER␤ protein in these tissues. The present studies demonstrate the ER␤ protein itself in breast epithelial cells of the rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estrogen receptors α and β in the rodent mammary gland

Saji

Jensen

Nilsson

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

321

155

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An obligatory role for estrogen in growth, development, and functions of the mammary gland is well established, but the roles of the two estrogen receptors remain unclear. With the use of specific antibodies, it was found that both estrogen receptors, ER␣ and ER␤, are expressed in the rat mammary gland but the presence and cellular distribution of the two receptors are distinct. In prepubertal rats, ER␣ was detected in 40% of the epithelial cell nuclei. This decreased to 30% at puberty and continued to decrease throughout pregnancy to a low of 5% at day 14. During lactation there was a large induction of ER␣ with up to 70% of the nuclei positive at day 21. Approximately 60 -70% of epithelial cells expressed ER␤ at all stages of breast development. Cells coexpressing ER␣ and ER␤ were rare during pregnancy, a proliferative phase, but they represented up to 60% of the epithelial cells during lactation, a postproliferative phase. Western blot analysis and sucrose gradient centrifugation confirmed this pattern of expression. During pregnancy, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen was not expressed in ER␣-positive cells but was observed in 3-7% of ER␤-containing cells. Because more than 90% of ER␤-bearing cells do not proliferate, and 55-70% of the dividing cells have neither ER␣ nor ER␤, it is clear that the presence of these receptors in epithelial cells is not a prerequisite for estrogen-mediated proliferation. E strogens are potent mitogens in the mammary gland, where they are obligatory for normal development as well as for induction and progression of mammary carcinoma (1). The female mammary gland undergoes a surge of cell division during puberty, and throughout adult life there is cyclical proliferation and involution during estrous cycles (2). Despite the clear role for estrogen in proliferation of the mammary epithelium, the role of estrogen receptors in this process remains unclear. During pubertal growth and during the estrous cycle, the majority of proliferating cells, both in terminal end buds and in ducts, do not contain estrogen receptor ␣ (ER␣). This has been observed in both rodent (3) and human (4, 5) mammary glands. Progesterone receptor (PR) is localized in those cells that contain ER␣, and induction of PR by estrogen occurs at much lower plasma levels of estrogen than are required for cell proliferation (5). These observations have led to the concept (6) of two distinct types of responses to estrogen in the breast: (i) an indirect action of estradiol in the mammary epithelium by inducing estrogen receptor-containing stromal cells to produce growth factors that stimulate epithelial cells to divide and (ii) a direct effect on ER␣-containing cells that occurs at low estrogen concentrations and results in induction of PR.Dependence of epithelium on stroma for estrogen-mediated induction of PR has been demonstrated in experiments in which epithelial and stromal components were cultured together (7-9). Stroma from responsive (mature) glands can confer estrogen sensitivity on epithelium from insensitiv...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reverse transcription-PCR has provided evidence for the presence of ER␤ in normal human breast (14) as well as in breast cancer (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Using specific antibodies to either ER␣ or ER␤, we have determined the presence and localization of ER␤ in the rat breast.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptors α and β in the rodent mammary gland

Saji

Jensen

Nilsson

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

321

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Potential gene targets of E2 can be estimated by the expression and distribution of its receptors. Studies investigating the expression patterns of ER-a and ER-b showed that they are expressed in rat and human preadipocytes, mature adipocytes, and other cell types present in adipose tissue, including macrophages (Price and O'Brien 1993;Crandall et al 1998;Dieudonne et al 2004). Various studies have shown that E2 regulates adipocyte differentiation; however, the results are contradictory.…”

Section: Steroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipogenesis

Sarjeant

Stephens

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

254

236

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SUMMARYAdipose tissue is an important site for lipid storage, energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. It is important to understand the mechanisms involved in adipose tissue development and function, which can be regulated by the endocrine actions of various peptide and steroid hormones. Recent studies have revealed that white and brown adipocytes can be derived from distinct precursor cells. This review will focus on transcriptional control of adipogenesis and its regulation by several endocrine hormones. The general functions and cellular origins of adipose tissue and how the modulation of adipocyte development pertains to metabolic disease states will also be considered.

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“…A direct action, produced by these hormones by binding their own specific receptors located on white adipocytes, is one of the mechanisms proposed. It has been demonstrated that white adipocytes express the whole battery of sex steroid receptors as progesterone receptors (PRs), androgen receptors (ARs), and estrogen receptors (ERs; Crandall et al 1998). Subcutaneous adipose tissue seems to be the site where higher concentrations of ERs and PRs are present, whereas, compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue apparently expresses higher concentrations of ARs (Sjogren et al 1995, Björntorp 1997).…”

Section: Brown Adipose Tissue and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sex hormones in modulation of brown adipose tissue activity

Quarta

Mazza²,

Pasquali³

et al. 2012

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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The recent demonstration that metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) is present with a high prevalence in humans undoubtedly represents one of the major advancements in the field of metabolic research in the last few years. The increasing interest in BAT is justified by preclinical observations highlighting an important role of this tissue in energy dissipation and metabolic clearance of substrates from the blood. These findings imply that stimulation of BAT activity may represent a new therapeutic approach for obesity and associated comorbidities. However, before proposing BAT as a target organ for therapeutics in a clinical setting, many further notions about BAT function and modulation need to be explored. Keeping in mind the importance of sex dimorphism in energy metabolism control under physiological and pathological conditions, sex hormones may play a relevant role in the regulation of BAT activity in both males and females. Much of the evidence acquired in the past supports the concept of an important role for different sex hormones in BAT thermogenesis and indicates that this tissue mediates the ability of sex hormones to modulate energy balance. These findings make it plausible that a modified interaction between BAT and sex hormones may contribute to the development and the maintenance of obesity and associated metabolic complications.Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (2012) 49, R1-R7

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Identification of Estrogen Receptor β RNA in Human Breast and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Cited by 114 publications

References 15 publications

Estrogen receptors α and β in the rodent mammary gland

Estrogen receptors α and β in the rodent mammary gland

Adipogenesis

Role of sex hormones in modulation of brown adipose tissue activity

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