Identification of epitopes in Leptospira borgpetersenii leucine-rich repeat proteins

Pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i>: Advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis and virulence

“…In addition, the inflammatory cascades that cause clinical disease (Gasque and Jaffar-Bandjee, 2015;Volz et al, 2015), virulence related proteins factors (King et al, 2014), bacteria-host interactions (Lo et al, 2009;Vieira et al, 2012;Siqueira et al, 2013;Fernandes et al, 2015), organization of the cytoskeletal and cellular in the host protein (Schuller et al, 2015) and defense mechanisms by the host (Werts, 2010) by pathogenic Leptospira have been described. Recent studies also identified leucine-rich repeat proteins that are known to be epitopes mediating antigen interaction (Nitipan et al, 2013), immune response factors in lipoproteins on the outer membrane of L. interrogans (Lin et al, 2010), ion transport mechanisms (Wu et al, 2004) and amino acid metabolism (Krajewska et al, 2016). These results suggest tremendous progress in understanding the various mechanisms involved in the biological process of Leptospira species infections.…”

“…Earlier investigations (Evangelista and Coburn, 2010;Chaemchuen et al, 2011;Domingos et al, 2012) and more recent studies Gomard et al, 2016;Vieira and Nascimento, 2016) have described antigens that mediate host-pathogen interactions among Leptospira species. Recent genome analyses studies indicated that the leptospira characterized as pathogenic possess a number of genes that coded for proteins containing leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains (Nitipan et al, 2013;Miras et al, 2015), presumed to be important in structural motifs of different host proteins (Miras et al, 2015). Interestingly, these characteristics were not observed in saprophytes.…”

Insight into the Structure, Functions, and Dynamics of the Leptospira Outer Membrane Proteins with the Pathogenicity

“…Structurally, LRR domains consist of tandems of two or more repeat units forming a curved horseshoe structure [ 85 ]. The overall topology of LRR domains depends on the sequence and the number of repeat units [ 86 ]. In bacteria, the LRR family protein can further be divided into three subfamilies, including bacterial LRR, SDS22-like LRR, and Tp-LRR [ 74 , 80 ].…”

Influence of Human Leukocyte Antigen on Susceptibility of Tropical Pulmonary Infectious Diseases and Clinical Implications

“…A recent study in Thailand demonstrated that only the latex test could be considered cost-effective when compared to the no-antimicrobial option, and that latex test, microcapsule agglutination test, and lateral flow were still inferior to empirical treatment (7-day course of doxycycline, 100 mg bid treatment) [299]. A recent study on vaccine candidates for protection of leptospirosis successfully demonstrated LBJ_2271 as a protein candidate for further study of antigenic immune stimulation for vaccine development [300] whereas another recent study revealed that czcA and its four subunit vaccine peptides could be ideal T-cell driven efficacious vaccine against this disease [301]. Until epidemiologically-validated immune correlates are determined and discovery of vaccine candidates will likely continue to rely on the search for new virulence factors and outer membrane proteins of the organism.…”