Identification of Enteropathogenic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Infant and Adult Rhesus Macaques

Mansfield, Keith G.; Lin, Kuei-Chin; Newman, Joseph V.; Schauer, David B.; MacKey, J J; Lackner, Andrew A.; Carville, Angela

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.3.971-976.2001

Cited by 44 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This conclusion is supported by the observation of bacteria adhering to intestinal cells of EPEC-positive necropsied animals and is associated with histopathological alterations such as reduced crypt size and presence of an inflammatory infiltrate. The same phenomenon has been observed previously in rhesus monkeys with AIDS infected with EPEC (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…colitis in cotton-top tamarins have been associated with EPEC (26,27,48). However, there are no reports in the literature about the characterization of this potential pathogen in apparently healthy animals, as observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thomson and Scheffler (48) reported an outbreak of diarrhea caused by A/E E. coli in marmosets maintained at the Primatology Center. More recently, EPEC was associated with a simian immunodeficiency virus opportunistic infection in rhesus monkeys (27) and with ulcerative colitis in cotton-top tamarins (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Monkey Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Human Typical and Atypical EPEC Serotype Isolates from Neotropical Nonhuman Primates

et al. 2003

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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) has been associated with infantile diarrhea and mortality in humans in developing countries. While diarrhea is also a major problem among primates kept in captivity, the role of E. coli is unclear. This study was designed to characterize diarrheagenic E. coli recovered from the feces of 56 New World nonhuman primates, primarily marmosets (Callithrix spp.). Seventeen of the 56 primates had signs of diarrhea and/or enteritis. E. coli recovered from feces from these animals was tested by PCR for genes encoding virulence factors of diarrheagenic E. coli and for patterns of adherence to HeLa cells. In addition, isolates were characterized by the fluorescence actin staining test and by their ability to induce attaching and effacing lesions. PCR for the eae gene was positive in 10 of the 39 (27%) apparently healthy animals and in 8 of the 17 (47%) animals with diarrhea and/or enteritis. Colonies of eae ؉ E. coli were serotyped and examined by PCR for genes encoding EPEC virulence markers. The eae ؉ E. coli isolates recovered from both healthy and sick nonhuman primates demonstrated virulence-associated attributes similar to those of EPEC strains implicated in human disease and are designated monkey EPEC. The results presented here indicate that EPEC may be a significant pathogen for nonhuman primates, deserving further investigation. The similarities between the affected animals investigated in this study and human EPEC infections suggest that marmosets may represent an important model for EPEC in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Monkey Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Human Typical and Atypical EPEC Serotype Isolates from Neotropical Nonhuman Primates

et al. 2003

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“…Although a high incidence of recurring diarrhea has been observed in captive rhesus macaques (8,27,33,35), it has been linked to the presence and cumulative effect of a number of bacterial and parasitic pathogens that are known to cause human illness as well (3,6,16,22,35,37,38). Because of this, combined with the findings that very little rectal shedding of rotavirus has been observed in conventionally reared captive adult rhesus macaques but that these animals invariably have high levels of serum antibodies, it seems likely that rotavirus infections in adult macaques are primarily if not solely subclinical (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining T-Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Rotavirus-Infected Juvenile Rhesus Macaques

Sestak

McNeal

Choi

et al. 2004

J Virol

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The appearance of virus-specific CD4؉ and/or CD8 ؉ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of captive juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was observed following rotavirus infection. These cell-mediated immune responses were measured following experimental or natural infection after rotavirus was isolated from stool specimens of asymptomatic animals. The virus isolated was a new strain of simian rotavirus that we named TUCH (for Tulane University and Cincinnati Children's Hospital). Restimulation of peripheral T lymphocytes by inactivated double-or triple-layered TUCH rotavirus particles containing either VP6 or VP4 and VP7 on their respective surfaces resulted in increased quantities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 in cell culture supernatants. Recall responses to rotavirus by CD4 ؉ and CD8 ؉ T lymphocytes were associated with accumulation of intracellular IL-6 and gamma interferon. Antigen presentation of TUCH rotavirus to lymphocytes was mediated via differentiated cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic (HLA-DR ؉ ) cells. This is the first report demonstrating cell-mediated immune responses to rotavirus in nonhuman primates. Further exploration of rhesus macaques in vaccine trials with human rotavirus vaccine candidates is the major objective of future studies.In the United States, rotavirus infection of 6-to 36-monthold children results in more than 50,000 hospitalizations each year (41). Throughout the world, at least 500,000 children die annually due to rotavirus-induced dehydration (25,28,41). Although extensive trials of novel vaccine candidates were performed with gnotobiotic piglets or genetically defined mice (28,41,44), none of these candidates have been evaluated in primates. Therefore, development of a nonhuman primate (NHP) model for evaluation of human rotavirus vaccine candidates is urgently needed. Although several NHP species, including chimpanzees and baboons as well as rhesus, vervet, pigtailed, and squirrel monkeys, have been reported to seroconvert to rotavirus with high, virus-specific antibody titers, no studies on cell-mediated immune responses have been conducted with an NHP model in the context of rotavirus (11,14,29,36,43). One reason is that clinical disease associated with rotavirus infection in NHPs, which has been reported to be limited to the first days or weeks of life (20,21,29,36,42), is difficult to produce experimentally.In this study, the cell-mediated immunological responses to rotavirus infection in juvenile rhesus macaques that were housed in biosafety level 2 facilities of the Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC) were evaluated. We anticipated that cell-mediated immune responses could be measured in these animals by the time passive maternally acquired immunity subsided, i.e., at between 4 and 6 months of age. Thus, we studied the T lymphocytes collected from peripheral blood of juvenile rhesus macaques after a detectable rotavirus infection. Based on recent studies with the adult mouse model (4, 5, 24), our hypothesis was that immunological memory in rotav...

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“…Thomson and Scheffler (13) reported an outbreak of diarrhea caused by a Shiga toxin-negative AEEC isolate of serogroup O26 in marmosets maintained at the Primatology Center. Mansfield et al (9,10) associated a Shiga toxin-negative AEEC O156:HϪ, intimin ε-positive strain with a simian immunodeficiency virus opportunistic infection in rhesus monkeys (10) and a Shiga toxin-negative AEEC O26:HϪ ε intimin-positive strain with ulcerative colitis in cotton-top tamarins (9). Recently, Carvalho et al (5) found that AEEC strains harboring genes for intimin production (eae positive) and lacking genes for Shiga toxin production (stx1 and stx2 negative) were the only group of diarrheagenic E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of diarrheic and healthy marmosets.…”

Section: Escherichia Coli Strains From Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typing of Intimin ( eae ) Genes in Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli Strains from Monkeys

Blanco

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Identification of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Infant and Adult Rhesus Macaques

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Characterization of Monkey Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Human Typical and Atypical EPEC Serotype Isolates from Neotropical Nonhuman Primates

Characterization of Monkey Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Human Typical and Atypical EPEC Serotype Isolates from Neotropical Nonhuman Primates

Defining T-Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Rotavirus-Infected Juvenile Rhesus Macaques

Typing of Intimin ( eae ) Genes in Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli Strains from Monkeys

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