Identification of Dysfunctional Gut Microbiota Through Rectal Swab in Patients with Different Severity of Acute Pancreatitis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Healthy Control Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shotgun metagenomics reveals significant gut microbiome features in different grades of acute pancreatitis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…To be speci c, Bacteroides, Escherichis-Shigella, and Enterococcus was the dominant gut microbiota species in MAP, MSAP, and SAP, respectively. Besides, Anaerococcus and Enterococcus were signi cantly increased and Eubacterium hallii decreased in non-mild AP patients [9]. Similar ndings were also reported by Zhu Y et al [7].…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Shotgun metagenomics reveals significant gut microbiome features in different grades of acute pancreatitis

et al. 2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) has a broad spectrum of severity and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the composition and functional effects of gut microbiota in different grades of AP severity.Results: Gut microbiota in AP patients was characterized by decreased species richness. The most representative gut microbiota in mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was Streptococcus, Escherichia-coli, and Enterococcus, respectively. Each of the three AP-associated genera could differentiate AP from healthy control population. Representative pathways associated with the glutathione metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism (valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation) were enriched in MAP, MSAP, and SAP, respectively.Conclusions: Our ndings indicate that in patients with AP, the gut microbiome composition and function are correlated with different severity of AP from a whole-genome perspective, and new changes are observed. BackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common gastrointestinal disease that requires acute admission and causes tremendous pain and socioeconomic burden [1]. The worldwide incidence of AP ranges from 4.9 to 80 cases per 100,000 individuals annually [2]. According to the Revised Atlanta Classi cation, AP is strati ed into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) [3]. The outcome of AP patients with different severity is widely divergent. For instance, patients with MAP only need supportive care such as uid and analgesia and recover within a few days. But in the non-mild form of AP, an in ammatory cascade usually leads to local and systemic complications, claims remarkable morbidity and mortality, and makes the management of AP challenging [4]. The pathogenetic mechanism underlying the progression of AP severity is yet to be elucidated [5].Gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and the biological barrier of the intestine [6]. Under pathological conditions such as AP, perturbations to the gut microbiota could disrupt gut barrier, increase the intestinal permeability, and lead to bacterial translocation, which in turn triggers secondary infectious complications [7]. Several bacteria, including Escherichia, Shigella, Enterococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae family, have been found in the pancreas, indicating that their translocation from the gut could lead to infected pancreatic necrosis in non-mild AP [8]. Our previous work revealed different gut bacteria composition in AP patients with varying grades of severity. To be speci c, Bacteroides, Escherichis-Shigella, and Enterococcus was the dominant gut microbiota species in MAP, MSAP, and SAP, respectively. Besides, Anaerococcus and Enterococcus were signi cantly increased and Eubacterium hallii decreased in non-mild AP patients [9]. Similar ndings were also reported by Zhu Y et al. [7]. These studies ...

“…Various toxins, inflammatory mediators and pancreatic enzymes caused by AP will lead to enhanced intestinal permeability and translocation of bacterial endotoxins 2 . The intestinal flora could imply the severity of AP 3 . Furthermore, AP would develop into severe acute pancreatitis 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Okra pectin relieves inflammatory response and protects damaged intestinal barrier in caerulein‐induced acute pancreatic model

Zhang

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

BACKGROUNDProtecting the intestinal mucosa from being destroyed helps reduce the inflammation caused by acute pancreatitis (AP). In this study, whether okra pectin (OP) could attenuate the inflammation of AP through protecting the intestinal barrier was investigated.RESULTSOP was obtained from crude okra pectin (COP) through the purification by DEAE cellulose 52 column. Supplementation with OP or COP in advance reduced the severity of AP, as revealed by lower serum amylase and lipase levels, abated pancreatic edema, attenuated myeloperoxidase activity and pancreas histology. OP or COP inhibited the production of pancreatic proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6. In addition, the upregulation of AP‐related proteins including ZO‐1, occludin, the antibacterial peptide‐defensin‐1 (DEFB1) and cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), as well as the histological examination of colon injuries, demonstrated that OP or COP provision could effectively maintain intestinal barrier function. Ultimately, dietary OP or COP supplementation could inhibit AP‐induced intestinal inflammation. For the above, the effect of OP was better than COP.CONCLUSIONDietary OP supplementation could be considered as a preventive method that effectively interferes with intestinal damage and attenuates inflammatory responses trigged by AP. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry