“…Measured velocity wave forms were used as the input to the model. The static parameters of the model, F s , F c , v s , v b , n, and σ 2 , were identified experimentally from the steady-state friction characteristics using the least-squares method and the dynamic parameters, σ 0 , σ 1 , σ h , and T were identified experimentally by the method proposed in [11,13]. Figure 2 shows the steady-state friction characteristics measured for the three pneumatic cylinders in both the extending and retracting strokes.…”