Identification of distinct ChAT+ neurons and activity-dependent control of postnatal SVZ neurogenesis

Paéz-González, Patricia; Asrican, Brent; Rodriguez, Erica; Kuo, Chay T.

doi:10.1038/nn.3734

Cited by 122 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A population of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) þ neurons exists in the V-SVZ, and these ChAT þ neurons are morphologically distinct from those of the striatum (Paez-Gonzalez et al 2014). Optogenetic inhibition and stimulation of these neurons regulates neuroblast production, and this effect of acetylcholine release on cell proliferation appears to be, in part, related to the activation of the FGF receptor.…”

Section: The Role Of Neurotransmitters In the V-svzmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adult Ventricular–Subventricular Zone (V-SVZ) and Olfactory Bulb (OB) Neurogenesis

Lim

Alvarez-Buylla

2016

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

484

428

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A large population of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) persists in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) located in the walls of the lateral brain ventricles. V-SVZ NSCs produce large numbers of neuroblasts that migrate a long distance into the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into local circuit interneurons. Here, we review a broad range of discoveries that have emerged from studies of postnatal V-SVZ neurogenesis: the identification of NSCs as a subpopulation of astroglial cells, the neurogenic lineage, new mechanisms of neuronal migration, and molecular regulators of precursor cell proliferation and migration. It has also become evident that V-SVZ NSCs are regionally heterogeneous, with NSCs located in different regions of the ventricle wall generating distinct OB interneuron subtypes. Insights into the developmental origins and molecular mechanisms that underlie the regional specification of V-SVZ NSCs have also begun to emerge. Other recent studies have revealed new cellintrinsic molecular mechanisms that enable lifelong neurogenesis in the V-SVZ. Finally, we discuss intriguing differences between the rodent V-SVZ and the corresponding human brain region. The rapidly expanding cellular and molecular knowledge of V-SVZ NSC biology provides key insights into postnatal neural development, the origin of brain tumors, and may inform the development regenerative therapies from cultured and endogenous human neural precursors. N ew neurons continue to be added throughout life to the olfactory bulb (OB) in the brain of many mammals. In rodents, the adult germinal region for OB neurogenesis is located along the walls of the brain lateral ventricles. Recent results regarding the spatial arrangement and cellular morphology of the primary neural precursors-or, neural stem cells (NSCs)-indicate that this region has characteristics similar to both the embryonic ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ). Given this new understanding, we now refer to this region as the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ).Neuroblasts born from NSCs in the mouse V-SVZ migrate rostrally into the OB where they then disperse radially and differentiate into functional interneurons (Fig. 1). Several distinct interneuron subtypes are generated by the V-SVZ, and estimates indicate that thousands of new OB neurons are generated every day in the young adult rodent brain.

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Section: The Role Of Neurotransmitters In the V-svzmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adult Ventricular–Subventricular Zone (V-SVZ) and Olfactory Bulb (OB) Neurogenesis

Lim

Alvarez-Buylla

2016

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

484

428

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1), and these neurons are morphologically distinct from other striatal neurons [51]. Optogenetic inhibition and stimulation of subependymal ChAT(+) neurons increases neurogenic proliferation in part by synergizing with fibroblast growth receptor activation.…”

Section: Activating the Stem Cell Niche With Blood Vessels Ependymamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basal process of B1 cells has endings on blood vessels. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) -positive neurons found in the region have endings in the SVZ (olive brown) [51]. Dopaminergic terminals (DAt, purple) are also observed in this region.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Adult neural stem cells stake their ground

Lim

Alvarez-Buylla

2014

Trends in Neurosciences

146

118

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The birth of new neurons in the walls of the adult brain lateral ventricles has captured the attention of many neuroscientists for over two decades, yielding key insights into the identity and regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), NSCs are a specialized form of astrocyte that generates several types of neurons for the olfactory bulb. Here we discuss recent findings regarding the unique organization of the V-SVZ NSCs niche, the multiple regulatory controls of neuronal production, the distinct regional identities of adult NSCs, and the epigenetic mechanisms that maintain adult neurogenesis. Understanding how V-SVZ NSCs establish and maintain lifelong neurogenesis continues to provide surprising insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development.

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“…Furthermore, niche-derived morphogens, neurotransmitters, growth factors, and cytokines are important in controlling NSPC activity and neuronal differentiation [examples include gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, Wnt ligands, Shh, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)] [9]. Furthermore, there is now compelling evidence showing how network activity directly affects the neurogenic process in the DG and SVZ [32][33][34][35]; however, these findings are exclusively based on rodent data. How can this knowledge be transferred or tested for its relevance to human neural development and how can we study the mechanisms of neurogenesis using human tissue?…”

Section: Analyzing Neurogenesis In Rodents and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%