Identification of differentially expressed genes between primary lung cancer and lymph node metastasis via bioinformatic analysis

Abstract

Lung cancer (LC), with its high morbidity and mortality rates, is one of the most widespread and malignant neoplasms. Mediastinal lymph node metastasis (MLNM) severely affects postoperative survival of patients with LC. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of LC with MLNM (MM LC) remain not well understood. To identify the key biomarkers in its carcinogenesis and development, the datasets GSE23822 and GSE13213 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to perform functional annotations of DEGs. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape were utilized to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and to analyze the most significant module. Subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze overall survival (OS). Additionally, one co-expression network of the hub genes was obtained from cBioPortal. A total of 308 DEGs were identified in the two microarray datasets, which were mainly enriched during cellular processes, including the Gene Ontology terms ‘cell’, ‘catalytic activity’, ‘molecular function regulator’, ‘signal transducer activity’ and ‘binding’. The PPI network was composed of 315 edges and 167 nodes. Its significant module had 11 hub genes, and high expression of actin β, MYC, arginine vasopressin, vesicle associated membrane protein 2 and integrin subunit β1, and low expression of NOTCH1, synaptojanin 2 and intersectin 2 were significantly associated with poor OS. In summary, hub genes and DEGs presented in the present study may help identify underlying targets for diagnostic and therapeutic methods for MM LC.

mRNA Profile in Milk Extracellular Vesicles from Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Cattle

“…From GO analysis, DEGs in milk EVs from BLV-infected cattle were revealed to be meaningfully involved in major molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components, and were categorized in distinct protein classes including cellular processes, metabolic processes, response to stimuli, cells, catalytic activity, binding, extracellular regions, and so on. These findings were consistent with those from previous studies, which had revealed EVs from many tumors/cancers to be engaged in various biological functions, such as immune modulatory features, protein binding, signal transduction, and so on [46][47][48]. The previous study reported that during BLV infection, gene involved in diverse biological procedure including cellular proliferation, innate immune response, and metabolic process [49].…”

FAM136A immunoreactivity is associated with nodal involvement and survival in lung adenocarcinoma in a Chinese case series.

“…Genetic factors are probably relevant in a subset of lung cancer patients with lymph node metastasis [17,18]. The previous study has shown the FAM136A mRNA level was significantly higher in lung carcinoma tissues than the normal lung tissues [19], which is in good agreement with our present findings.…”

Targeting Rac and Cdc42 GEFs in Metastatic Cancer

“…Structurally, N-terminal Eps15 homology (EH1 and EH2) domains, a coiled coil region, and five SH3 domains are present in the short isoform (ITSN-S), while the long isoform of ITSN (ITSN-L) has an additional C-terminal DH/PH domain, which confers GEF activity (Hunter et al, 2013). Even though low expression of ITSN1 was recently correlated with higher grade in breast and lung cancer (Xie et al, 2019;Zhang and Zhang, 2019), A role for ITSN in neuroblastoma has been shown by a study where knockdown of ITSN decreased orthotopic neuroblastoma growth in mice (Harris et al, 2017).…”