Identification of Cinnamaldehyde as Most Effective Fatty Acid Uptake Reducing Cinnamon-Derived Compound in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells Compared to Its Structural Analogues Cinnamyl Alcohol, Cinnamic Acid, and Cinnamyl Isobutyrate

Abstract

Naturally occurring cinnamon compounds such as cinnamaldehyde (CAL) and structurally related constituents have been associated with antiobesity activities, although studies regarding the impact on intestinal fatty acid uptake are scarce. Here, we demonstrate the effects of CAL and structural analogues cinnamyl alcohol (CALC), cinnamic acid (CAC), and cinnamyl isobutyrate on mechanisms regulating intestinal fatty acid uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells. CAL, CALC, and CAC (3000 μM) were found to decrease fatty acid uptake by 58.0 ± 8.83, 19.4 ± 8.98, and 21.9 ± 6.55%, respectively. While CAL and CALC at a concentration of 300 μM increased serotonin release 14.9 ± 3.00-and 2.72 ± 0.69-fold, respectively, serotonin alone showed no effect on fatty acid uptake. However, CAL revealed transient receptor potential channel A1-dependency in the decrease of fatty acid uptake, as well as in CAL-induced serotonin release. Overall, CAL was identified as the most potent of the cinnamon constituents tested.

Hepatoprotective effects of sea cucumber ether-phospholipids against alcohol-induced lipid metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress in mice

“…34 Consistently, marked alcohol-induced hepatic lipid/triglyceride accumulation was observed in the EtOH group, indicated by Oil red O staining and elevated liver TC and TG contents. In agreement with previous studies, 35,36 our data indicated that alcohol consumption promoted more fatty acid uptake than that in chow diet mice. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding fatty acid oxidation contributors to hepatic TG levels.…”

Structure-Dependent Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on TRPA1-Induced Serotonin Release in Human Intestinal Cell Models

“…The identified beneficial structural characteristics to induce serotonin release in Caco-2 cells have similarities to those described for potent TRPA1 activators . In addition, for QGP-1 and Caco-2 cells, a stimulating effect of cinnamaldehyde on serotonin release was demonstrated to depend at least partly on TRPA1 stimulation. , Thus, a potential TRPA1-dependent component for serotonin release in Caco-2 cells was analyzed here as well.…”

“…For example, compounds present in ginger, clove oil, mustard oil as well as in cinnamon oil have been shown to be potent ligands for the TRPA1 channel . Only recently, cinnamaldehyde, the main ingredient and key aroma compound of cinnamon oil, has been demonstrated to effectively increase serotonin release and block serotonin reuptake more potently than the other tested cinnamon-derived compounds cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, and cinnamyl isobutyrate in differentiated Caco-2 cells . The effects of cinnamaldehyde on serotonin release have been demonstrated to be at least partly allocated to the activation of TRPA1 …”

In Vitro Digestion of Grape Seed Oil Inhibits Phospholipid-Regulating Effects of Oxidized Lipids

“…The HGT-1 cells were starved for one hour with DMEM (2% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Carl Roth)) at standard conditions synchronizing the basal activity [28]. Afterwards, the cells were incubated for six hours with the polar fraction of the grape seed oil (1:5000) diluted in 2-propanol (0.1% final concentration on the cells).…”