Identification of chlorinated fatty acids in fish lipids by partitioning studies and by gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic conductivity detection

Wesén, Clas; Mu, Huiling; Kvernheim, Arne Lund; Larsson, Peter H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(92)85210-k

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Chlorinated fatty acids have quite recently been discovered as ubiquitous components of the environment and are the major contributors to the organochlorine load in fish lipids (Ha˚kansson et al 1991;Wese´n et al 1992;Mu et al 1996;Mu et al 1997a,b). Well-known chlorinated environmental pollutants, such as PCBs and chlorinated pesticides, only make up a minor part of the organochlorine load in the environment (So¨dergren et al 1988;Newsome et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic fate of 14C-labelled chlorinated and non-chlorinated fatty acids in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Björn

Ewald

Sundin

et al. 2004

Fish Physiol Biochem

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In order to study the metabolic fate of chlorinated fatty acids in fish, goldfish were fed either 9,10-dichlorostearic acid or oleic acid, chosen as the unchlorinated analogue, both radiolabelled at either the carboxyl (1st) or the terminal (18th) carbon of the fatty acid chain. By keeping the fish in hermetically closed aquaria, all the respired, assimilated and excreted radioactivity could be accounted for. Fish fed 9,10-dichlorostearic acid labelled in the terminal end respired radioactive CO 2 to a much lower degree than fish fed the other test compounds. As a consequence, the radioactivity bound in lipids was higher in the group of fish fed dichlorostearic acid labelled in the terminal end. It is suggested that the chlorine atoms in the middle of the carbon chain obstruct the metabolic turn-over of 9,10-dichlorostearic acid, which may have an impact on the residence time of these compounds in the ecosystem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic fate of 14C-labelled chlorinated and non-chlorinated fatty acids in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Björn

Ewald

Sundin

et al. 2004

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…Third, environmentalists also worry that only a small fraction of the organochlorines present in the environment can be identified. For example, well-known chlorinated hydrocarbons like PCBs and DDT make up less than 10% of the extractable organic chlorine complex in fish fat and Swedish sediments (22)(23)(24)(25), and new classes of globally distributed organochlorines of unknown origin are still being discovered. Fourth, organochlorines generally exhibit undesirable properties such as persistence and bioaccumulation, which makes predicting their fate in complex food webs even more problematic and contamination irreversible.…”

Section: An Example With Chlorinementioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Reviewed: Life-cycle assessment and the precautionary principle

Tukker

2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The major part of chlorinated fatty acids in the body has been located in adipose tissue triacylglycerols, and in phospholipids of cell membranes, e.g. 9,10-dichloro stearic acid and 5,6-dichloro myristic acid (Wesén et al 1992(Wesén et al & 1995a. It has been suggested that long-chain chlorinated fatty acids taken up in fish are to a major extent metabolized to dichloro myristic acid, since this acid is the predominant one in fat tissue (Mu et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these compounds are toxic, much work has been done to study the levels of exposure as well as the biological effects. It has been suggested that chlorinated fatty acids contribute the major amount (70-90%) of the extractable, organically bound chlorine in fish (Wesén et al 1992(Wesén et al , 1995aMu et al 1996Mu et al & 1997. Such compounds have also been found in mussels, fish oil capsules, butter and margarines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptotic Effects of Dichloro Stearic and Dichloro Myristic Acid in Human Hepatoma Cells (HepG2)

Lystad

Høstmark

Jebens

2001

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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Chlorinated fatty acids represent the major fraction of extractable organically bound chlorine in fish. After dietary intake such fatty acids may accumulate in adipose tissue, and even be transferred from mother to child via breast milk. We have previously reported that 9,10-dichloro stearic acid and 5,6-dichloro myristic acid inhibited cell growth. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether the growth inhibitory effect of these modified fatty acids might involve apoptosis. Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were cultured for 4 days before addition of chlorinated fatty acids, and then cultured for another day before harvested. Morphological analysis was mainly done by light microscopy. In addition, fluorescence microscopy and electrophoretic analysis of DNA were carried out. The effect of 0.3 and 0.6 mmol/l was studied. Both chlorinated fatty acids seemed to cause a concentration-dependent increase in the relative abundance of pycnotic and broken nuclei, as well as nuclear fragments, with the strongest effect of dichloro stearic acid. Apoptosis by the chlorinated fatty acids was however less than that of docosahexaenoic acid, a known apoptosis effector. In conclusion, chlorinated fatty acids seem to possess the ability to cause apoptosis.

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Identification of chlorinated fatty acids in fish lipids by partitioning studies and by gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic conductivity detection

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Metabolic fate of 14C-labelled chlorinated and non-chlorinated fatty acids in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Metabolic fate of 14C-labelled chlorinated and non-chlorinated fatty acids in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Peer Reviewed: Life-cycle assessment and the precautionary principle

Apoptotic Effects of Dichloro Stearic and Dichloro Myristic Acid in Human Hepatoma Cells (HepG2)

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