Identification of Causative Pathogens in Eyes with Bacterial Conjunctivitis by Bacterial Cell Count and Microbiota Analysis

Aoki, Rumi; Fukuda, Kazumasa; Ogawa, Midori; Ikeno, Takako; Kondo, Hiroyuki; Tawara, Akihiko; Taniguchi, Hatsumi

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.001

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The different bacterial species were detected preferentially in each sample. The reasons for this are not completely clear, and similar results were obtained by other researchers [ 3 , 11 , 18 ]. We considered that there may be several possible reasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Bacterial ocular infections occasionally have been reported to be polymicrobial by cultures and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [ 19 , 26 ]. Several studies of the detection of bacteria by the clone library method using the 16S rRNA gene have reported on the microbiota of clinical samples [ 2 , 3 , 17 ]. The amplification of 16S rDNA is therefore a useful method for the investigation of such samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of causative pathogens in mouse eyes with bacterial keratitis by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA libraries

Song

Qiu

et al. 2015

Exp. Anim.

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The clone library method using PCR amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was used to identify pathogens from corneal scrapings of C57BL/6-corneal opacity (B6-Co) mice with bacterial keratitis. All 10 samples from the eyes with bacterial keratitis showed positive PCR results. All 10 samples from the normal cornea showed negative PCR results. In all 10 PCR-positive samples, the predominant and second most predominant species accounted for 20.9 to 40.6% and 14.7 to 26.1%, respectively, of each clone library. The predominant species were Staphylococcus lentus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The microbiota analysis detected a diverse group of microbiota in the eyes of B6-Co mice with bacterial keratitis and showed that the causative pathogens could be determined based on percentages of bacterial species in the clone libraries. The bacterial species detected in this study were mostly in accordance with results of studies on clinical bacterial keratitis in human eyes. Based on the results of our previous studies and this study, the B6-Co mouse should be considered a favorable model for studying bacterial keratitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of causative pathogens in mouse eyes with bacterial keratitis by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA libraries

Song

Qiu

et al. 2015

Exp. Anim.

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“…Based on this and the aforementioned limitations of standard culturing techniques, future studies should enroll larger samples to allow for missing culture data or should consider other types of microbial assessment (i.e., RNA based analysis). 55,56 Because our study and those of others have shown that the bulbar conjunctiva generally harbors the same or fewer microbiota, future studies could consider forgoing conjunctival culturing to save costs and minimize time. 20,27 The relatively small sample of positive culture results limited Chi-square tests were used for the proportion of substantial bioburden between cases and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Case-Control Pilot Study of Soft Contact Lens Wearers With Corneal Infiltrative Events and Healthy Controls

Richdale

Lam

Wagner

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with soft contact lens (SCL)-related corneal infiltrative events (CIEs).METHODS. This was a single-visit, case-control study conducted at five academic centers in North America. Cases were defined as current SCL wearers with a symptomatic CIE. For each case, three age-and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Subjects completed the Contact Lens Risk Survey (CLRS), a standardized scripted medical interview, supplied a recent health history, and underwent an ocular examination. Microbial culturing of the ocular surface, SCL, and lens storage case was conducted for all cases and one of the three matched controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling were used to assess the risk of developing a CIE.RESULTS. Thirty cases and 90 controls 13 to 31 years of age completed the study. Corneal infiltrative event diagnosis included contact lens-associated red eye, infiltrative keratitis, and contact lens peripheral ulcer. Subjects with symptomatic CIEs were more likely to harbor substantial levels of gram-negative bioburden on the ocular surface and contact lens. Significant risk factors for developing a CIE were overnight wear of SCLs, use of multipurpose solution, rinsing SCLs with water, lens storage case older than 6 months, previous ''red eye'' event, use of ocular drops in the past week, and illness during the past week.CONCLUSIONS. This pilot study demonstrated feasibility of enrolling a representative pool of SCL wearers with an untreated, symptomatic CIE and assessing CIE risk factors by using standardized methods. A larger sample size is needed to determine relationships between patient-reported behaviors and exposures, microbial bioburden, and CIE development.Keywords: adverse events, contact lenses, corneal infiltrative events, microbial culturing A recent report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) called to light the substantial burden associated with contact lens-related complications.1 The CDC report estimated that contact lens-related keratitis results in nearly 1 million doctor visits each year and carries an associated cost of $175 million.1 This estimate does not include the additional ''costs'' to the patient such as pain or discomfort, missed school or work, and potential for permanent loss of vision.Approximately 37 million people in the United States currently wear contact lenses and, due to the increasing prevalence of myopia, more and younger patients are expected to begin wearing contact lenses to aid in its management. 2,3 Research has demonstrated that adult and pediatric patients can safely wear soft contact lenses (SCLs) within controlled trials, with relatively low rates of complications, especially for daily lens wear. 4,5 However, as with most medical devices, when contact lenses are used by the general population outside of controlled trials, the rate and types of complications increase. 1,[6][7][8] The increased risk of complications is likely caused by poor wear and care beha...

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“…However, even in this age group, the mean percentage of antibiotic resistance, including methicillin resistance among staphylococcal isolates, was notable ( Figure 2) and should be considered in the context of an increasing recognition of the polybacterial nature of conjunctivitis and keratitis infections. [67][68][69] Small differences were found in antibiotic resistance by geographic region for each species, with higher mean percentages of resistance (and methicillin resistance among staphylococcal isolates) in the South and/or Midwest and lower rates in the West. The findings for S aureus isolates are consistent with previous ARMOR reporting 20,21 and results from Blanco and colleagues, 70 who observed higher rates of MRSA infection in intensive care units in the southern region of the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Antibiotic Resistance Among Ocular Microorganisms in the United States From 2009 to 2018

Asbell

Sanfilippo²,

Sahm³

et al. 2020

JAMA Ophthalmol

131

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IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance in ocular infections can affect treatment outcomes. Surveillance data on evolving antibacterial susceptibility patterns inform the treatment of such infections. OBJECTIVE To assess overall antibiotic resistance profiles and trends among bacterial isolates from ocular sources collected during 10 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study of longitudinal data from the ongoing, nationwide, prospective, laboratory-based surveillance study, the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) study, included clinically relevant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae cultured from patients with ocular infections at US centers from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for various combinations of antibiotics and species. Odds ratios (ORs) were determined for concurrent antibiotic resistance; analysis of variance and χ 2 tests were used to evaluate resistance rates by patient age and geographic region; Cochran-Armitage tests identified changing antibiotic susceptibility trends over time.RESULTS A total of 6091 isolates (2189 S aureus, 1765 CoNS, 590 S pneumoniae, 767 P aeruginosa, and 780 H influenzae) from 6091 patients were submitted by 88 sites. Overall, 765 S aureus (34.9%) and 871 CoNS (49.3%) isolates were methicillin resistant and more likely to be concurrently resistant to macrolides

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Identification of Causative Pathogens in Eyes with Bacterial Conjunctivitis by Bacterial Cell Count and Microbiota Analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Identification of causative pathogens in mouse eyes with bacterial keratitis by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA libraries

Identification of causative pathogens in mouse eyes with bacterial keratitis by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA libraries

Case-Control Pilot Study of Soft Contact Lens Wearers With Corneal Infiltrative Events and Healthy Controls

Trends in Antibiotic Resistance Among Ocular Microorganisms in the United States From 2009 to 2018

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